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V.Krishnaraj

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References:

S = Sankara; R = Ramanuja; RK = Radhakrishnan.

Monier-Williams, 'Sanskrit-English Dictionary'

BG Chapter 04: The Yoga of Knowledge

Original date of web publication: May 10, 2009

 

श्रीभगवानुवाच

 इमं विवस्वते योगं प्रोक्तवानहमव्ययम् ।

विवस्वान्मनवे प्राह मनुरिक्ष्वाकवेऽब्रवीत् ॥४-१॥

śrībhagavān uvāca
imaṁ vivasvate yogaṁ proktavān aham avyayam
vivasvān manave prāha manur ikṣ
vākavebravīt 4.1

śrībhagavān uvāca
imam
1 vivasvate2 yogam3 proktavān4 aham5 avyayam6
vivasvān
7 manave8 prāha9 manu
10 ikṣvākave11 abravīt12   4.1

 

śrībhagavān = Sri Bhagavan; uvāca = said; aham5 = I; proktavān4 = taught; imam1 = this; avyayam6 = Imperishable; yogam3 = Yoga [as explicated in the 2nd and 3rd chapters]; vivasvate2 = to Vivasvan, the Sun-God. vivasvān7 = Vivasvan;  prāha9 = taught; [this] manave8 = to Manu. manu10 = Manu; abravīt12 = communicated [this]  ikṣvākave11 = to Iksvaku.  4.1

 

4.1: Sri Bhagavan said: I taught this imperishable yoga to Vivasvat; Vivasvat passed this on to Manu; Manu taught Iksvāku.        

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

एवं परम्पराप्राप्तमिमं राजर्षयो विदुः ।

स कालेनेह महता योगो नष्टः परन्तप ॥४-२॥

evaṁ paramparāprāptam imaṁ rājarṣayo vidu
sa kāleneha mahatā yogo naṣṭaḥ paraṁ
tapa 4.2

evam1 paramparā2 prāptam3 imam4 rājarṣaya5 vidu6
sa7 kālena8 iha9 mahatā10 yoga11 naṣṭaḥ12 parantapa13  4.2

 

imam4 = This [Yoga]; evam1 = thus; [has been] prāptam3 = acquired, gained; paramparā2 = through lineage. rājarṣaya5 = Royal Sages [king-sages];  vidu6 = knew; sa7 = that [knowledge]. [Owing to] mahatā10 = great; kālena8 =  passage of time; iha9 = in this world; yoga11 = Yoga; naṣṭaḥ12 = came to a loss; parantapa13  = O oppressor of enemies.  4.2

 

4.2: Thus the knowledge, in a succession, came down to the royal sages who knew it and in the great passage of time, this knowledge was lost, O Parantapa (the oppressor of enemies).  

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

स एवायं मया तेऽद्य योगः प्रोक्तः पुरातनः ।

भक्तोऽसि मे सखा चेति रहस्यं ह्येतदुत्तमम् ॥४-३॥

sa evāyaṁ mayā tedya yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ
bhaktosi me sakhā ceti rahasyaṁ hy etad uttamam 4.3

sa1 eva2 ayam3 mayā4 te5 adya6 yogaḥ7 proktaḥ8 purātanaḥ9
bhakta
10 asi11 me12 sakhā13 ca14 iti15 rahasyam16 hi17 etat18 uttamam19  4.3

 

sa1 = That; purātanaḥ9 = ancient; yogaḥ7 = Yoga; [which is] ayam3 = this; proktaḥ8 = has been taught;

 eva2 = certainly; mayā4 = by Me; te5 adya6 = to you5  today6. asi11 me12 bhakta10 ca14 sakhā13 =

 You are11 my12 devotee10 and14  friend13; hi17 = indeed. etat18 = This [Yoga]; [is]  iti15 = therefore; uttamam19

 rahasyam16 = supreme, highest19 secret164.3

   

4.3: That same ancient yoga of knowledge is declared to you, for you are my devotee and friend. This is certainly the supreme secret. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अर्जुन उवाच

अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः ।

कथमेतद्विजानीयां त्वमादौ प्रोक्तवानिति ॥४-४॥

arjuna uvāca
aparaṁ bhavato janma paraṁ janma vivasvataḥ
katham etad vijānīyāṁ tvam ādau proktavān iti 4.4

arjuna uvāca
aparam
1 bhavata2 janma3 param4 janma5 vivasvataḥ6
katham7 etat8 vijānīyām9 tvam
10 ādau11 proktavān12 iti13   4.4

 

arjuna = Arjuna; uvāca = said; bhavata2 = Your [Krishna's]; janma3 = birth; [was] aparam1 = later.  janma5 = Birth; vivasvataḥ6 = of Vivasvan; [was] param4 = earlier. katham7 = How; vijānīyām9 = am I to believe or understand [what You say is truth]? tvam10 = You; proktavān12 = instructed ; etat8 = this [this Yoga to Vivasvan];  iti13  = thus, in this manner;ādau11 = in the beginning or outset.  4.4

 

4.4: Arjuna said: Your birth was later and Vivasvat's birth was earlier. Then how am I to know that you declared this to him in the beginning?  

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

श्रीभगवानुवाच 

बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन ।

तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप ॥४-५॥

śrībhagavānuvāca
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna
tāny ahaṁ veda sarvāṇ
i na tvaṁ vettha parantapa 4.5

śrībhagavānuvāca
bahūni
1 me2 vyatītāni3 janmāni4 tava5 ca6 arjuna7
tāni8 aham9 veda
10 sarvāṇi11 na12 tvam13 vettha14 parantapa15  4.5

 

śrībhagavānuvāca = Sri Bhagavan said; arjuna7 = O Arjuna; bahūni1 = many; janmāni4 = births; me2 = of Mine; ca6 = and; tava5 = of yours; vyatītāni3 = have gone by. aham9 = I; veda10 = know; tāni8 = them; sarvāṇi11 = all; [but] tvam13 = you; na12 = do not; vettha14 = know; parantapa15 = O Scorcher of enemies.    4.5

 

4.5: Sri Bhagavan said, you and I had many births before this birth, O Parantapa, and you do not remember them, while I do remember all of them. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अजोऽपि सन्नव्ययात्मा भूतानामीश्वरोऽपि सन् ।

प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय संभवाम्यात्ममायया ॥४-६॥

ajopi sann avyayātmā bhūtānām īśvaropi san
prak
ṛtiṁ svām adhiṣṭhāya sabhavāmy ātmamāyayā 4.6

aja1 api2 san3 avyaya4 ātmā5 bhūtānām6 īśvara7 api8 san9
prak
ṛtim
10 svām11 adhiṣṭhāya12 sabhavāmi13 ātma-māyayā14  4.6

 

api2 san3 aja1  = Though I am birthless or unborn [though2  being3 birthless1] ; avyaya4 ātmā5  = imperishable4 soul5; api8 san9  = though; [and] īśvara7 = the Lord; [of] bhūtānām6 = all living beings (from Brahma to a blade of grass); adhiṣṭhāya12 = by controlling; svām11 = Mine, my own; prakṛtim10 = Prakriti [Maya of Vishnu: Sattva, Rajas and Tamas--Sankara]; sabhavāmi13 = I appear Myself [as an embodied Being] ātma-māyayā14 = by the faculty of my own Maya.  4.6

 

4.6: Though I am unborn, imperishable and the Lord of beings -Isvarah, and established in my own nature, I myself come into being by My own māyā power.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत ।

अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥४-७॥

yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir bhavati bhārata
abhyutthānam adharmasya tadātmāna
ṁ sṛjāmy aham 4.7

yadā1 yadā2 hi3 dharmasya4 glāni5 bhavati6 bhārata7
abhyutthānam8
adharmasya9 tadā
10 ātmānam11 sṛjāmi2 aham13   4.7

 

bhārata7= O Scion of Bharata Clan; yadā1 yadā2 hi3  = whenever [at any time]; bhavati6 =  there is; glāni5 = decrease; dharmasya4 = of Dharma [righteousness, virtue or duty]; [and] abhyutthānam8 = ascendancy; adharmasya9 = of Adharma, of unrighteousness; tadā10 = then; aham13  = I; sṛjāmi2 = manifest; ātmānam11 = Myself;  [with a form before humanity].  4.7

 

4.7: O Bharata, Whenever and wherever there is decline of dharma (righteousness) and rise of adharma (unrighteousness), at that time I send forth myself. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् ।

धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे ॥४-८॥

paritrāāya sādhūnāṁ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām
dharmasa
sthāpanārthāya sabhavāmi yuge yuge 4.8

paritrāāya1 sādhūnām2 vināśāya3 ca4 duṣkṛtām5
dharma6 sasthāpana7 ārthāya8 sabhavāmi9 yuge
10 yuge11   4.8

 

paritrāāya1 = For rescue and protection; sādhūnām2 = of the righteous; vināśāya3 = for destruction; duṣkṛtām5 = of the evil, the corrupt, the sinning; ca4 = and; dharma6 sasthāpana7 ārthāya8 = for the purpose of establishing righteousness  [Righteousness6 establishing7 for the purpose of8]; sabhavāmi9 = I appear Myself; yuge10 yuge11  = from age to age.  4.8

 

4.8: For the protection of the good and the virtuous, for the destruction of the evildoers or the wicked and for the establishment of righteousness (dharma), I am born from age to age.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

जन्म कर्म च मे दिव्यमेवं यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः ।

त्यक्त्वा देहं पुनर्जन्म नैति मामेति सोऽर्जुन ॥४-९॥

janma karma ca me divyam evaṁ yo vetti tattvataḥ
tyaktvā dehaṁ punarjanma naiti mām eti sorjuna 4.9

janma1 karma2 ca3 me4 divyam5 evam6 yaḥ7 vetti8 tattvataḥ9
tyaktvā
10 deham11 puna12 janma13 na14 eti15 mām16 eti17 sa18 arjuna19 4.9

 

yaḥ7 = He who; vetti8 = knows;  tattvataḥ9 = in truth, in reality; janma1 = birth; ca3 karma2 = and actions; me4 = of Mine; [are] divyam5 = divine; evam6 = thus;  tyaktvā10 = abandons, shuffles off; deham11 = the body [the mortal coil];  [and] na14 eti15 = does not obtain; puna12 janma13 = rebirth [again birth]. sa18 = He; eti17 = attains; mām16 = Me; arjuna19 = O Arjuna.  4.9

 

4.9: He, who knows my birth and work as divine in their true nature and accepts them as the Truth, will not be born again upon leaving his body and comes to me O Arjuna.   

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

वीतरागभयक्रोधा मन्मया मामुपाश्रिताः ।

बहवो ज्ञानतपसा पूता मद्भावमागताः ॥४-१०॥

vītarāgabhayakrodhā manmayā mām upāśritāḥ
bahavo jñānatapasā pūtā madbhāvam āgatāḥ 4.10

vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhā1 manmayā2 mām3 upāśritāḥ4
bahava
5 jñāna-tapasā6 pūtā7 madbhāvam8 āgatāḥ9   4.10

 

bahava5 =  Many; vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhā1 =  who renounced desire, fear, and anger; manmayā2 = who were immersed in Me; mām3 upāśritāḥ4 = who took refuge in Me only [in Me3 refuge4]; pūtā7 = becoming purified; jñāna-tapasā6  = by tapas of knowledge; āgatāḥ9  = have attained;  madbhāvam8 = my svarupa, my Form, my Being.  4.10

 

4.10: Freed from desire, fear, and anger, absorbed in, and regarding Me as their sole refuge, and purified by jnāna (wisdom) and meditation, many people attained to My nature.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तांस्तथैव भजाम्यहम् ।

मम वर्त्मानुवर्तन्ते मनुष्याः पार्थ सर्वशः ॥४-११॥

ye yathā māṁ prapadyante tāṁs tathaiva bhajāmy aham

mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ 4.11

ye1 yathā2 mām3 prapadyante4 tān5 tathā6 eva7 bhajāmi8 aham9

mama10 vartma11 anuvartante12 manuṣyāḥ13 pārtha14 sarvaśaḥ15   4.11

 

ye1 = Which [of the devotees]; yathā2 = in such manner; prapadyante4 = take refuge in; mām3 = Me;aham9= I; bhajāmi8 = apportion, confer benefits; [to] tān5 = them; tathā6 eva7 = accordingly.  manuṣyāḥ13 = All men;  anuvartante12 = follow, pursue;  mama10 = My; vartma11 = path; sarvaśaḥ15  = in all ways, manners.  pārtha14 = O Arjuna.  4.11

 

4.11: O Partha, I approach in like manner all men who want to attain my feet, and follow my path in all aspects.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

काङ्क्षन्तः कर्मणां सिद्धिं यजन्त इह देवताः ।

क्षिप्रं हि मानुषे लोके सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा ॥४-१२॥

kṣantaḥ karmaṇāṁ siddhiṁ yajanta iha devatāḥ
kṣipraṁ hi mānuṣ
e loke siddhir bhavati karmajā 4.12

kṣantaḥ1 karmaṇām2 siddhim3 yajante4 iha5 devatāḥ6
kṣipram7 hi8 mānuṣe-loke9 siddhi
10 bhavati11 karmajā12  4.12

 

yajante4 = They worship; iha5 = here [in this world]; devatāḥ6 = the gods; kṣantaḥ1 = longing for; siddhim3 = complete attainment, fruitive results;  karmaṇām2 = of actions; hi8 = for;  siddhi10 = success; karmajā12  = from actions; bhavati11 = comes; kṣipram7 = quickly; mānuṣe-loke9  = in the world of humanity.   4.12

 

4.12: In this world of men, they who desire the fruits of their work worship many gods, because the benefits from fruitive work are obtained very quickly.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः ।

तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥४-१३॥

cāturvarṇyaṁ mayā sṛṣṭaṁ guṇakarmavibhāgaśaḥ
tasya kartāram api māṁ viddhy akartāram avyayam 4.13

cātur-varṇyam1 mayā2 sṛṣṭam3 guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ4
tasya5 kartāram6 api7 mām8 viddhi9 akartāram
10 avyayam11   4.13

 

cātur-varṇyam1 = Four varnas or castes; sṛṣṭam3 = are created; mayā2 = by Me;  guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ4 = divisions according to Gunas and work [gunas-work-divisions]; api7 = though; [I am] kartāram6 = the agent, founder; tasya5 = of that; viddhi9 = know; mām8 = Me; [as] akartāram10 = non-agent; [and] avyayam11  = unchangeable. 4.13

 

4.13: I founded (created) the four-fold order of Varna according to guna and karma - fundamental quality and work. Though I am the founder, know me thou as unable to act or change. (Brahmin, Ksatriya, Vaisya and Sudra are the priest, the king, the trader, and the worker.)

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

न मां कर्माणि लिम्पन्ति न मे कर्मफले स्पृहा ।

इति मां योऽभिजानाति कर्मभिर्न स बध्यते ॥४-१४॥

na māṁ karmāṇi limpanti na me karmaphale sp
iti mā
ṁ yobhijānāti karmabhir na sa badhyate 4.14

na1 mām2 karmāṇi3 limpanti4 na5 me6 karma-phale7 sp8
iti9m
10 ya11 abhijānāti12 karmabhi13 na14 sa15 badhyate16   4.14

 

 karmāṇi3 = Actions; na1= do not; limpanti4 = taint, stain; mām2 = Me; na5 = nor; me6 = for Me; [there is] sp8 = any desire; karma-phale7 = for actions that bear fruits. sa15 = He; ya11 = who; abhijānāti12 = knows;  m10 = Me;  iti9 = thus; na14 = does not;  badhyate16 = become bound; karmabhi13 = by actions. 4.14

 

4.14: These works never bind me, for I have no desire for their fruits. He, who knows me as Truth, is never bound by actions. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

एवं ज्ञात्वा कृतं कर्म पूर्वैरपि मुमुक्षुभिः ।

कुरु कर्मैव तस्मात्त्वं पूर्वैः पूर्वतरं कृतम् ॥४-१५॥

evaṁ jñātvā kṛtaṁ karma pūrvair api mumukṣubhiḥ
kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvaṁ pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṁ kṛ
tam 4.15

evam1 jñātvā2 kṛtam3 karma4 pūrvai5 api6 mumukṣubhiḥ7
kuru8 karma9 eva
10 tasmāt11 tvam12 pūrvaiḥ13 pūrvataram14 kṛtam15   4.15

 

jñātvā2 = Knowing; evam1 = thus; karma4 = action, duty, work; kṛtam3 = was carried out, performed; api6 = even; pūrvai5 = by the ancient;  mumukṣubhiḥ7 = aspirants for liberation;  tasmāt11 = therefore; tvam12 = you;  kuru8 = carry out, perform; karma9 = action; eva10 = exactly; kṛtam15 = as performed;  pūrvataram14 = earlier; pūrvaiḥ13 = by the ancients.  4.15

 

4.15: Knowing thus, the ancestors or the ancients, seeking liberation performed actions, you also perform the age-old customary work done by the ancients. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

किं कर्म किमकर्मेति कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताः ।

तत्ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात् ॥४-१६॥

kiṁ karma kimakarmeti kavayopy atra mohitāḥ
tat te karma pravakṣ
yāmi yaj jñātvā mokyaseśubhāt 4.16

kim1 karma2 kim3 akarma4  iti5 kavaya6 api7 atra8 mohitāḥ10
tat
11 te12 karma13 pravakṣyāmi14 yat15 jñātvā16 mokyase17 aśubhāt18   4.16

 

kim1 karma2  = What is action? kim3 akarma4 = what is inaction?  iti5 = Thus; kavaya6 api7 = even the wise; atra8 = in this respect; mohitāḥ10 = are perplexed. pravakṣyāmi14 = I will explicate; tat11 = that; karma13 = action;  te12 = to you;  jñātvā16 = knowing; yat15 = which;  mokyase17 = you will become liberated; aśubhāt18  = from inauspiciousness, from evil [metempsychosis, transmigration of the soul, bondages of karma].  4.16

 

4.16: What is action? What is inaction? Thus even the wise, in this matter, are confused. I will expound to you that action by knowing which, you will be liberated from sin.  

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः ।

अकर्मणश्च बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः ॥४-१७॥

karmao hy api boddhavyaṁ boddhavyaṁ ca vikarmaṇaḥ
akarmaṇ
aś ca boddhavyaṁ gahanā karmaṇo gatiḥ 4.17

karmaa1 hi2 api3 boddhavyam4 boddhavyam5 ca6 vikarmaṇaḥ7
akarmaṇa8 ca9 boddhavyam
10 gahanā11 karmaṇa12 gati13   4.17

 

karmaa1 = [Proper] Action;  hi2 = certainly; boddhavyam4 = should be known; ca6 = and; vikarmaṇaḥ7= wrong action, forbidden action; api3 = also; boddhavyam5 = should be known; ca9 = and;  akarmaṇa8 = inaction;  boddhavyam10 = should be known. karmaṇa12 = Karma's  gati13 = course, deportment; gahanā11 = is hard to understand.  4.17

 

4.17: One has to know or understand what action is, what wrong action is and what inaction is. It is hard to understand karma’s course or path.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

कर्मण्यकर्म यः पश्येदकर्मणि च कर्म यः ।

स बुद्धिमान्मनुष्येषु स युक्तः कृत्स्नकर्मकृत् ॥४-१८॥

karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed akarmaṇi ca karma ya
sa buddhimān manuṣyeṣ
u sa yuktaḥ kṛtsnakarmakṛt 4.18

karmaṇi1 akarma2 ya3 paśyet4 akarmaṇi5 ca6 karma7 ya8
sah9 buddhimān
10 manuṣyeṣu11 sah12 yukta13 kṛtsna-karma-kṛt14   

 

 ya3 = He who; paśyet4 = sees, observes; akarmaṇi5 = inaction; karmaṇi1 = in action; ca6 = and; ya8 = who [sees]; karma7 = action; akarma2 = in inaction; sah9 = he; [is] buddhimān10 = a wise one;   manuṣyeṣu11 = among men. sah12 = that; yukta13 = yogi; [is] kṛtsna-karma-kṛt14 = accomplisher of all actions, performer of all actions.  4.18

 

4.18: He, who sees inaction in action, and action in inaction, is wise among men. He is a yogi (wholesome performer), accomplished in all actions.  

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

यस्य सर्वे समारम्भाः कामसंकल्पवर्जिताः ।

ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणं तमाहुः पण्डितं बुधाः ॥४-१९॥

yasya sarve samārambhāḥ kāmasaṁkalpavarjitāḥ
jñānāgnidagdhakarmāṇaṁ tam āhuḥ paṇḍitaṁ budhāḥ 4.19

yasya1 sarve2 samārambhā3 kāma4 saṁkalpa5 varjitāḥ6
jñāna7 agni8 dagdha9 karmāṇam
10 tam11 āhuḥ12 paṇḍitam13 budhāḥ14   4.19

 

yasya1 = He whose; samārambhā3 = undertaken or initiated actions; [are] varjitāḥ6 = devoid of; sarve2 = all;  kāma4 = desires; [and] saṁkalpa5 = intentions; [and]  karmāṇam10 = whose actions; dagdha9 = are burnt, consumed by; agni8 = fire;  jñāna7 = of knowledge; budhāḥ14  = the Jnanis, the wise; āhuḥ12 = call; tam11 = him;  paṇḍitam13 = the learned.  4.19

jñāna7 agni8 dagdha9 karmāṇam10 = whose actions are burnt by the fire of knowledge [of knowledge-by fire-are burnt-whose actions].
4.19: He, whose task is devoid of any will of desire and whose karma is destroyed by fire of perfect knowledge or wisdom, is called panditah by the wise.   

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त्यक्त्वा कर्मफलासङ्गं नित्यतृप्तो निराश्रयः ।

कर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्तोऽपि नैव किंचित्करोति सः ॥४-२०॥

tyaktvā karmaphalāsaṅgaṁ nityatṛpto nirāśraya
karmaṇ
y abhipravttopi naiva kicit karoti saḥ 4.20

tyaktvā1 karma-phala-āsaṅgam2 nitya-tṛpta3 nirāśraya4
karmaṇi5 abhipravtta
6 api7 na8 eva9 kicit10 karoti11 sa12   4.20

 

tyaktvā1 = Abandoning, relinquishing; karma2A-phala2B-āsaṅgam2C  = attachment2C to actions2A and fruits2B ; nitya-tṛpta3  = ever contented;  nirāśraya4 = not dependent; api7 = even though; abhipravtta6 = engaged as before; karmaṇi5 = in actions; sa12 = he; eva9 = really; na8 = does not; karoti11 = do;  kicit10 = anything.   4.20

4.20: Having given up desire and attachment to fruit of action, always contented, and not dependent, and though engaged in action, he does nothing ever at all. 

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निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा त्यक्तसर्वपरिग्रहः ।

शारीरं केवलं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम् ॥४-२१॥

nirāśīr yatacittātmā tyaktasarvaparigrahaḥ
śārīraṁ kevalaṁ karma kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣ
am 4.21

nirāśī1 yata2 citta-ātmā3 tyakta4 sarva5 parigrahaḥ6
śārīram7 kevalam8 karma9 kurvan
10 na11 āpnoti12 kilbiṣam13  4.21

 

nirāśī1 = He who has no desires; yata2 citta-ātmā3  = who has control2 over mind, body and senses3; tyakta4 -sarva5 -parigrahaḥ6 = relinquishing4 all5 possessions6; kurvan10 = doing;  karma9 = actions;  śārīram7 = to maintain the body; kevalam8 = only; [he] na11 āpnoti12  = does not11 incur12; kilbiṣam13 = sin.   4.21

 

4.21: With no desire, and controlled body, mind and senses, giving up sense of ownership and allowing only bodily functions, he doesn't incur any guilt or sin.  

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यदृच्छालाभसंतुष्टो द्वन्द्वातीतो विमत्सरः ।

समः सिद्धावसिद्धौ च कृत्वापि न निबध्यते ॥४-२२॥

yadṛcchālābhasaṁtuṣṭo dvandvātīto vimatsara
samaḥ siddhāv asiddhau ca kṛ
tvāpi na nibadhyate 4.22

yadṛcchā1 lābha2 saṁtuṣṭa3 dvandva4 atīta5 vimatsara6

samaḥ7 siddhāu8 asiddhau9 ca10 kṛtvā11 api12 na13 nibadhyate14   4.22

 

yadṛcchā1 lābha2 saṁtuṣṭa3  = Satisfied and happy3 with gains2 that come on their own accord1; dvandva4 atīta5  = rising above5 dualities4; vimatsara6 = free from jealousy; samaḥ7 = balanced; siddhāu8 = in success; asiddhau9 = in unsuccess (failure); ca10 = also; [he] na13 nibadhyate14 = is not13 bound13; api12 kṛtvā11 = even by doing such actions.    4.22

 

4.22: Satisfied and happy with gains that come on their own accord without any desire for them, transcending - rising above - duality (pleasure and pain), free from envy, and balanced in success and failure, he is not bound even when he acts.

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गतसङ्गस्य मुक्तस्य ज्ञानावस्थितचेतसः ।

यज्ञायाचरतः कर्म समग्रं प्रविलीयते ॥४-२३॥

gatasagasya muktasya jñānāvasthitacetasa
yajñāyācarataḥ karma samagraṁ pravilīyate 4.23

gata-sagasya1 muktasya2 jñāna3 avasthita4 cetasa5
yajñāya6 ācarataḥ7 karma8 samagram9 pravilīyate
10   4.23

 

muktasya2 = Of the emancipated; gata-sagasya1 = who has removed attachment;  jñāna3 avasthita4 cetasa5 = whose mind5 abides in4 wisdom3;  karma8 = actions; ācarataḥ7 = so done; yajñāya6 = for sacrifice; pravilīyate10 = undergo dissolution or destruction; samagram9 = in totality.  4.23

 

4.23: For the one whose attachments are torn asunder, who is liberated and whose mind abides in wisdom and whose work is sacrifice, his works or actions are dissolved or destroyed.

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ब्रह्मार्पणं ब्रह्म हविर्ब्रह्माग्नौ ब्रह्मणा हुतम् ।

ब्रह्मैव तेन गन्तव्यं ब्रह्मकर्मसमाधिना ॥४-२४॥

brahmārpaṇaṁ brahma havir brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam
brahmaiva tena gantavya
ṁ brahmakarmasamādhinā 4.24

brahma1 arpaṇam2 brahma3 havi4 brahma5 agnau6 brahmaṇā7 hutam8
brahma9 eva
10 tena11 gantavyam12 brahma13 karma14 samādhinā15    4.24

 

brahma1 arpaṇam2  = Offering is Brahman; brahma3 havi4 = butter is Brahman ; brahma5 agnau = in the  fire of Brahman; [oblation]  hutam8 = is offered; brahmaṇā7 = by Brahman.  gantavyam12 = [The object] to be attained; tena11 = by him; brahma9 eva10  = is surely Brahman.  brahma13 karma14 samādhinā15  =  absorption in Brahman is the objective [Brahma13-actions/objective14-concentration15].   4.24

 

4.24: The act of offering is Brahman, the oblation is Brahman, and the fire, in which butter (havih) is poured, is Brahman. He is Brahman himself, for having engaged in sacrifice, and will attain Brahman (or absorption).   

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दैवमेवापरे यज्ञं योगिनः पर्युपासते ।

ब्रह्माग्नावपरे यज्ञं यज्ञेनैवोपजुह्वति ॥४-२५॥

daivam evāpare yajñaṁ yoginaḥ paryupāsate
brahmāgnāv apare yajñaṁ yajñenaivopajuhvati 4.25

daivam1 eva2 apare3 yajñam4 yoginaḥ5 pari-upāsate6
brahma-agnāv7 apare8 yajñam9 yajñena
10 eva11 upa-juhvati12   4.25

 

apare3  = Other; yoginaḥ5 = Yogis; pari-upāsate6 = offer worshipful; yajñam4 = sacrifice; daivam1 = to gods; eva2 = indeed;   brahma-agnāv7  = in the fire of Brahman. apare8 = Others; upa-juhvati12 =  worship [Brahman Himself as];  yajñam9 = sacrifice;  yajñena10 eva11 by the Self itself.   4.25

 

4.25: Some yogis offer sacrifices in the form of worship to the demigods, while others offer sacrifice by performing sacrifice in the fire that is Brahman Himself.  

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श्रोत्रादीनीन्द्रियाण्यन्ये संयमाग्निषु जुह्वति ।

शब्दादीन्विषयानन्य इन्द्रियाग्निषु जुह्वति ॥४-२६॥

śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy anye saṁyamāgniṣu juhvati
śabdādīn vi
ayān anya indriyāgniu juhvati 4.26

śrotra-ādīni1 īndriyāṇi2 anye3 saṁyama4 agniṣu5 juhvati6
śabda7 ādīn8 viayān9 anye
10 indriya11 agniu12 juhvati13     4.26

 

While;  anye3 = others; juhvati6 = offer; īndriyāṇi2 = senses;  śrotra-ādīni1 = ears and so on;  saṁyama4 agniṣu5 = in the fires5 of restraint4 anye10 = others; juhvati13 = offer; viayān9 = objects of senses organs; śabda7 ādīn8  = sound and such;  indriya11 agniu12 = in the fire12 of sense organs11.   4.26

 

4.26: While others offer their hearing and senses to the fires of restraint or self-control, some others offer sound and other objects of senses to the fires of the senses. 

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 सर्वाणीन्द्रियकर्माणि प्राणकर्माणि चापरे ।

आत्मसंयमयोगाग्नौ जुह्वति ज्ञानदीपिते ॥४-२७॥

sarvāṇīndriyakarmāṇi prāṇakarmāṇi cāpare
ātmasa
yamayogāgnau juvhati jñānadīpite 4.27

sarvāṇi1 indriya2A-karmāṇi2B prāṇa-karmāṇi3 ca4 apare5
ātma-sayama6 yoga7  agnau8 juvhati10 jñāna-dīpite11 
4.27

 

apare5 = Others; juvhati10 = offer;  sarvāṇi1 indriya2A-karmāṇi2B  =  all functions of the sense organs [all1-senses2A-functions2B ] ;ca = and; prāṇa-karmāṇi3 = activities of breath; ātma-sayama6 yoga7  agnau8 = in the fire of8 Yoga7 of self-restraint6jñāna-dīpite11 = illuminated by wisdom.    4.27

 

4.27: Others offer the functions of their senses and the breath (prāna) into the fire of yoga of self-restraint, illuminated by wisdom.

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द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे ।

स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः ॥४-२८॥

dravyayajñās tapoyajñā yogayajñās tathāpare
svādhyāyajñānayajñāś ca yataya
ḥ saṁśitavratāḥ 4.28

dravya-yajñā1 tapo-yajñā2 yoga-yajñā3 tathā4 apare5
svādhyāya6 jñāna-yajñā7 ca8 yataya
9 saṁśita10 vratāḥ11  
4.28

 

tathā4 apare5  = Similarly others; [make] dravya1A-yajñā1B = Sacrifice1B of their wealth1A;  tapo-yajñā2  = sacrifice by austerity; yoga-yajñā3  = sacrifice by Yoga; ca8 = and; svādhyāya6 jñāna-yajñā7 = sacrifice by study and wisdom. yataya9 = ascetics; [are of] saṁśita10 vratāḥ11 = severe vows.  

4.28

 

4.28: Sacrifices are made in the form of material possessions, austerities, yogic practices, Vedic studies, intuitive wisdom, and severe vows as by ascetics. 

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अपाने जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणेऽपानं तथापरे ।

प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायामपरायणाः ॥४-२९॥

apāne juvhati prāṇaṁ prāṇepānaṁ tathāpare
prāṇ
āpānagatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāmaparāyaṇāḥ 4.29

apāne1 juvhati2 prāṇam3 prāṇe4 apānam5 tathā6 apare7
prāṇa
8apāna10 gatī11 ruddhvā12 prāṇāyāma13 parāyaṇāḥ14 
4.29

 

apare7 = Others; juvhati2 = offer; prāṇam3 = out-breath; [in] apāne1  in-breath;  tathā6 = so also; [others offer] apānam5 = in-breath; prāṇe = in out-breath; prāṇāyāma13 parāyaṇāḥ14  = by practicing14 breath control13; [and] prāṇa8apāna10 gatī11 ruddhvā12 = by stopping12 out-breath8 and in-breath10 movement11.   4.29

 

4.29. Others offer out-breath into in-breath and in-breath into out-breath. Still others stop the movements of Out-breath and In-breath and practice breath-control.

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अपरे नियताहाराः प्राणान्प्राणेषु जुह्वति ।

सर्वेऽप्येते यज्ञविदो यज्ञक्षपितकल्मषाः ॥४-३०॥

apare niyatāhārāḥ prāṇān prāṇeṣu juvhati
sarvepy ete yajñavido yajñak
ṣapitakalmaṣāḥ 4.30

apare1 niyata2  āhārāḥ3 prāṇān4 prāṇeṣu5 juvhati6
sarve7 api8 ete9 yajña-vida10 yajña11 kṣapita12 kalmaṣāḥ13  
4.30

 

apare1 = Others; juvhati6 = sacrifice by; niyata2  āhārāḥ3 = limited food intake; [and] prāṇān4 = out-breath; prāṇeṣu5 = into out-breath;  api8 = though; sarve7 = all; ete9 = these; yajña-vida10 = are knowers of sacrifice; [and]  yajña11 kṣapita12 kalmaṣāḥ13 = destroyed their sins by sacrifice [sacrifice-destroyed-sins].   4.30

 

4.30: Others sacrifice by limiting their food intake and Prana into Prana itself. They, knowing all these, destroy their sins by sacrifices.   

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यज्ञशिष्टामृतभुजो यान्ति ब्रह्म सनातनम् ।

नायं लोकोऽस्त्ययज्ञस्य कुतोऽन्यः कुरुसत्तम ॥४-३१॥

yajñaśiṣṭāmṛtabhujo yānti brahma sanātanam
nāya
ṁ lokosty ayajñasya kutonyaḥ kurusattama 4.31

yajña1-śiṣṭa2-amṛta3-bhuja4 yānti5 brahma6 sanātanam7
na8 ayam9 loka10 asti11 ayajñasya12 kuta13 anyaḥ14 kuru-sattama15  
4.31

 

yajña1-śiṣṭa2-amṛta3-bhuja4 = They who eat4 the remains3 [amrta = nectar3 = prasada] of the sacrifice1; yānti5 = reach; brahma6 sanātanam7 = Brahman Eternal. na8 ayam9 loka10 asti11 ayajñasya12 = This world ceases to exist for the non-sacrificer [does not8 + this9 + world10+ exist11 for the non-sacrificer12]. kuta13 anyaḥ14  = What of the other world for him? [where is13 + the other14 [world]?]  kuru-sattama15 = O the best among the Kurus.   4.31

 

4.31: As a benefit of such sacrifice, they enjoy the remnants of the nectar of the sacrifice and attain the Supreme Brahman. This world is not for the one, who does not perform any sacrifice. How is it possible that he could even think of the other world (heaven), O Kurusuttama, the best of the Kurus.?  

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एवं बहुविधा यज्ञा वितता ब्रह्मणो मुखे ।

कर्मजान्विद्धि तान्सर्वानेवं ज्ञात्वा विमोक्ष्यसे ॥४-३२॥

evaṁ bahuvidhā yajñā vitatā brahmaṇo mukhe
karmajān viddhi tān sarvān eva
ṁ jñātvā vimokṣyase 4.32

evam1 bahu-vidhā2 yajñā3 vitatā4 brahmaṇa5 mukhe6
karma-jān7  viddhi8  tān9  sarvān10  evam11  jñātvā12  vimokṣyase13   
4.32

 

evam1 = Thus; bahu-vidhā2 yajñā3 = many kinds2 of sacrifices3; vitatā4 = are spread out; brahmaṇa5 mukhe6 = on the face6 of Brahman5.  [You] viddhi8  = should know; sarvān10  = all; [of] tān9  = them; [are] karma-jān7 = born of action. evam11 = Thus; jñātvā12  = knowing; vimokṣyase13 = you will be liberated.   4.32

 

4.32: Thus, many forms of sacrifices are spread out on the face of Brahman (Brahmanah mukhe). You should know that all these are born of work and knowing thus, you will be liberated or attain moksa.

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श्रेयान्द्रव्यमयाद्यज्ञाज्ज्ञानयज्ञः परन्तप ।

सर्वं कर्माखिलं पार्थ ज्ञाने परिसमाप्यते ॥४-३३॥

śreyān dravyamayād yajñāj jñānayajñaḥ paraṁtapa
sarva
ṁ karmākhilaṁ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate 4.33

śreyān1 dravyamayāt2 yajñāt3 jñāna-yajña4 parantapa5
sarvam6 karma7 akhilam8 pārtha9 jñāne
10 parisamāpyate11 4.33

 

śreyān1 = Better, greater; [than] dravyamayāt2 yajñāt3 = material sacrifice [material2 sacrifice3]; [is] jñāna-yajña4 = knowledge sacrifice; parantapa5= O Arjuna. sarvam6 = All; karma7 akhilam8 = activities7 in toto8; pārtha9 = O son of Prtha; parisamāpyate11 = attains fulfillment; jñāne10 = in knowledge.   4.33

 

4.33: Greater than the material sacrifice is the sacrifice in knowledge, O Parantapa. All works without exception - karmakhilam - O Partha, attain fulfillment or completion in knowledge or wisdom.  

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तद्विद्धि प्रणिपातेन परिप्रश्नेन सेवया ।

उपदेक्ष्यन्ति ते ज्ञानं ज्ञानिनस्तत्त्वदर्शिनः ॥४-३४॥

tad viddhi praṇipātena paripraśnena sevayā
upadek
yanti te jñānaṁ jñāninas tattvadarśinaḥ 4.34

tat1 viddhi2 praṇipātena3 paripraśnena4 sevayā5
upadekyanti6 te7 jñānam8 jñānina9 tattva-darśinaḥ
10   4.34

 

tat1 viddhi2 = Know2 that1; praṇipātena3 = by prostration; paripraśnena4 = by enquiry; [and] sevayā5 = by seva or service of the Guru.  jñānina9 = the learned; [and] tattva-darśinaḥ10  = the seers of Truth; upadekyanti6 = impart; jñānam8 = knowledge; te7 = to you.   4.34

 

4.34: Learn this knowledge by prostrating at the feet of the men of wisdom, by inquiring, and by performing service unto them. The self-realized seers of Truth or revealed knowledge will impart that knowledge to you. 

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यज्ज्ञात्वा न पुनर्मोहमेवं यास्यसि पाण्डव ।

येन भूतान्यशेषेण द्रक्ष्यस्यात्मन्यथो मयि ॥४-३५॥

yaj jñātvā na punar moham evaṁ yāsyasi pāṇḍava
yena bhūtāny aśe
ṣeṇa drakyasy ātmany atho mayi 4.35

yat1 jñātvā2 na3 puna4 moham5 evam6 yāsyasi7 pāṇḍava8
yena
9 bhūtāni
10 aśeṣeṇi11 drakyasi12 ātmani13 atha14 mayi15   4.35

 

jñātvā2 = Knowing;  yat1 = that [Knowledge]; [you will] na3 = never; puna4 = again; yāsyasi7 = be subjected to; moham5 = confusion, delusion; evam6 = in this way;  pāṇḍava8 = O son of Pandu; yena9 = by which;  drakyasi12 = you will see;  bhūtāni10 = living beings; aśeṣeṇi11 = without exception; ātmani13 = in your self; [and] atha14 = then; mayi15 = in Me.   4.35

 

4.35: Knowing this, you will never again be subjected to delusion like this, O Pandava. By this, you will see all living beings in the self and then in Me. 

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अपि चेदसि पापेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यः पापकृत्तमः ।

सर्वं ज्ञानप्लवेनैव वृजिनं सन्तरिष्यसि ॥४-३६॥

api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ
sarvaṁ jñānaplavenaiva vṛjinaṁ santariṣ
yasi 4.36

api1 cet2 asi3 pāpebhya4 sarvebhyaḥ5 pāpa-kṛt-tamaḥ6
sarvam7 jñāna-plavena8 eva9 vṛjinam
10 santariṣyasi11   4.36

 

api1 cet2 asi3 = Even1 if2 you are3; pāpa-kṛt-tamaḥ6 = the greatest sinner; sarvebhyaḥ5 = among all; pāpebhya4 = the sinners; santariṣyasi11 = you will cross over; sarvam7 = all; vṛjinam10 = vice, sin, wickedness [crooked, bent]; jñāna8A-plavena8B eva9  = with9 the boat8B of knowledge8A. 4.36

 

4.36: Even if you are the greatest or the worst sinner of all sinners, you will certainly cross over sins or wickedness by the boat of knowledge or wisdom.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

यथैधांसि समिद्धोऽग्निर्भस्मसात्कुरुतेऽर्जुन ।

ज्ञानाग्निः सर्वकर्माणि भस्मसात्कुरुते तथा ॥४-३७॥

yathaidhāsi samiddhognir bhasmasāt kuruterjuna
jñānāgni
ḥ sarvakarmāṇi bhasmasāt kurute tathā 4.37

yatha1 edhāsi2 samiddha3 agni4 bhasmasāt5 kurute6 arjuna7
jñāna8 agni9 sarva
10 karmāṇi11 bhasmasāt12 kurute13 tathā14  4.37

 

yatha1 = As; samiddha3 + agni4 = blazing fire; kurute6 = does, reduces, renders; edhāsi2 = wood;  bhasmasāt5 = into ashes; arjuna7= O Arjuna; jñāna8 agni9 = the fire9 of knowledge8; tathā14 = similarly; kurute13 = does, reduces; sarva10 karmāṇi11= all actions;  bhasmasāt12 = into ashes.   4.37

 

4.37: As the blazing fire renders the wood into ashes, O Arjuna, even so the fire of knowledge turns all actions to ashes.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

न हि ज्ञानेन सदृशं पवित्रमिह विद्यते ।

तत्स्वयं योगसंसिद्धः कालेनात्मनि विन्दति ॥४-३८॥

na hi jñānena sadṛśaṁ pavitram iha vidyate
tat svayaṁ yogasaṁsiddhaḥ kālenātmani vindati 4.38

na1 hi2 jñānena3 sadṛśam4 pavitram5 iha6 vidyate7
tat8 svayam9 yoga
10 saṁsiddhaḥ11 kālena12 ātmani13 vindati14  4.38

 

na1 = Nothing; hi2 = indeed; vidyate7= exists;  iha6 = in this world; [as] sadṛśam4 = comparison; jñānena3 = to knowledge;  pavitram5 = the purifying [agent].  yoga10 saṁsiddhaḥ11 = One who has become perfect in yoga; kālena12 = in passage of time; vindati14 = attains; tat8 = that [knowledge]; svayam9 = by himself; ātmani13 = in his own self.   4.38

4.38: Nothing exists in this world for comparison, when it comes to knowledge as the purifier. He, who has been perfect in yoga of knowledge for a long time, finds it in his own self in due course of time.    

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

श्रद्धावाँल्लभते ज्ञानं तत्परः संयतेन्द्रियः ।

ज्ञानं लब्ध्वा परां शान्तिमचिरेणाधिगच्छति ॥४-३९॥

śraddhāvāṁl labhate jñānaṁ tatparaḥ saṁyatendriyaḥ
jñānaṁ labdhvā parāṁ śāntim acireṇ
ādhigacchati 4.39

śraddhāvān1 labhate2 jñānam3 tatparaḥ4 saṁyata5 indriyaḥ6
jñānam7 labdhvā8 parām9 śāntim
10 acireṇa11 adhigacchati12   4.39

 

śraddhāvān1 = A man of faith; labhate2 = attains; jñānam3 = Knowledge; tatparaḥ4 = devoted to; saṁyata5 -indriyaḥ6 = control over the sense organs.  labdhvā8 = Having achieved; jñānam7 = Knowledge; adhigacchati12  = one attains; parām9 = supreme; śāntim10 = peace; acireṇa11 = without delay.   4.39

 

4.39: With control of the senses and single-minded devotion, a man of  faith gains wisdom. Having achieved that, he gains supreme peace soon.  

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अज्ञश्चाश्रद्दधानश्च संशयात्मा विनश्यति ।

नायं लोकोऽस्ति न परो न सुखं संशयात्मनः ॥४-४०॥

ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca saśayātmā vinaśyati
nāya
ṁ lokosti na paro na sukhaṁ saṁśayātmanaḥ 4.40

ajña1 ca2 aśraddadhāna3 ca4 saśaya5 ātmā6 vinaśyati7
na8 ayam9 loka
10 asti11 na12 para13  na14 sukham15 saṁśaya16 ātmanaḥ17  4.40

 

ajña1 = Know-nothing fool; ca2 aśraddadhāna3  = lacking faith; [who is] ca4= also; saśaya5 ātmā6 = a doubting5 person6; vinaśyati7 = perishes; [because] saṁśaya16 ātmanaḥ17 = the one with doubts; na8 ayam9 loka10 asti11 = neither8 this9 world10 exists11;na12 para13  = nor12  the next world13;  na14 sukham15 = nor happiness.  4.40

4.40: A know-nothing fool with no faith and many doubts perishes. For such a doubting soul, neither in this world nor in the next world is there happiness.   

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

योगसंन्यस्तकर्माणं ज्ञानसंछिन्नसंशयम् ।

आत्मवन्तं न कर्माणि निबध्नन्ति धनंजय ॥४-४१॥

yogasaṁnyastakarmāṇaṁ jñānasaṁchinnasaṁśayam
ātmavanta
ṁ na karmāṇi nibadhnanti dhanajaya 4.41

yoga1 sannyasta2 karmāṇam3 jñāna4 sañchinna5 saṁśayam6
ātmavantam7 na8 karmāṇi9 nibadhnanti
10 dhanañjaya11   4.41

 

[For] yoga1 sannyasta2 karmāṇam3  = One who relinquished2 actions3 through Yoga1 jñāna4 sañchinna5 saṁśayam6 = one whose doubts6 are removed5 by wisdom4; ātmavantam7 = one who has his mind under his control, [one who owns his soul];na8 karmāṇi9 nibadhnanti10  = actions9 do not8 bind him10; dhanañjaya11 = O Dhanañjaya, winner of wealth.   4.41


4.41: Actions do not bind him, who has renounced his work by yoga, removed his doubts by wisdom and owns his soul, O Dhanañjaya. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

तस्मादज्ञानसम्भूतं हृत्स्थं ज्ञानासिनात्मनः ।

छित्त्वैनं संशयं योगमातिष्ठोत्तिष्ठ भारत ॥४-४२॥

tasmād ajñānasañbhūtaṁ hṛtsthaṁ jñānāsinātmanaḥ
chittvainaṁ saṁśayaṁ yogam ātiṣṭhottiṣṭ
ha bhārata 4.42

tasmāt1 ajñāna2 sañbhūtam3 hṛt-stham4 jñāna5 asina6 ātmanaḥ7
chittvā8 enam9 saṁśayam
10 yogam11 ātiṣṭha12 uttiṣṭha13 bhārata14   4.42

 

tasmāt1 = Therefore; chittvā8 enam9 = cutting asunder8 this9; saṁśayam10 = doubt;  hṛt4A-stham4B = abiding4B in the heart4A; ajñāna2 sañbhūtam3 = born of3 ignorance2;  [with]  jñāna5 asina6 ātmanaḥ7 = your7 sword6 of Knowledge5 ātiṣṭha12 = establish yourself; yogam11 = in Yoga; [and] uttiṣṭha13 = stand up;   bhārata14  = O Bharata, the Scion of Bharata clan.   4.42

 

4.42: Therefore, cutting asunder this doubt in your heart born of ignorance with the sword of wisdom, establish yourself in yoga and stand up, O Bharata. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

End BG Chapter 04: The Yoga of Knowledge