Bhagavadgita Pages in English, Chapters 1 to 18
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www.bhagavadgitausa.com
V.Krishnaraj
References:
S = Sankara; R = Ramanuja; RK = Radhakrishnan.
Monier-Williams, 'Sanskrit-English Dictionary'
BG Chapter 04: The Yoga of Knowledge
| Original date of web publication: May 10, 2009 |
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श्रीभगवानुवाच इमं विवस्वते योगं प्रोक्तवानहमव्ययम् । विवस्वान्मनवे प्राह मनुरिक्ष्वाकवेऽब्रवीत् ॥४-१॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
śrībhagavān uvāca
śrībhagavān = Sri Bhagavan; uvāca = said; aham5 = I; proktavān4 = taught; imam1 = this; avyayam6 = Imperishable; yogam3 = Yoga [as explicated in the 2nd and 3rd chapters]; vivasvate2 = to Vivasvan, the Sun-God. vivasvān7 = Vivasvan; prāha9 = taught; [this] manave8 = to Manu. manuḥ10 = Manu; abravīt12 = communicated [this] ikṣvākave11 = to Iksvaku. 4.1
4.1: Sri Bhagavan said: I taught this imperishable yoga to Vivasvat; Vivasvat passed this on to Manu; Manu taught Iksvāku. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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एवं परम्पराप्राप्तमिमं राजर्षयो विदुः । स कालेनेह महता योगो नष्टः परन्तप ॥४-२॥
evaṁ paramparāprāptam imaṁ
rājarṣayo viduḥ
evam1
paramparā2 prāptam3
imam4 rājarṣayaḥ5
viduḥ6
imam4 = This [Yoga]; evam1 = thus; [has been] prāptam3 = acquired, gained; paramparā2 = through lineage. rājarṣayaḥ5 = Royal Sages [king-sages]; viduḥ6 = knew; saḥ7 = that [knowledge]. [Owing to] mahatā10 = great; kālena8 = passage of time; iha9 = in this world; yogaḥ11 = Yoga; naṣṭaḥ12 = came to a loss; parantapa13 = O oppressor of enemies. 4.2
4.2: Thus the knowledge, in a succession, came down to the royal sages who knew it and in the great passage of time, this knowledge was lost, O Parantapa (the oppressor of enemies). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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स एवायं मया तेऽद्य योगः प्रोक्तः पुरातनः । भक्तोऽसि मे सखा चेति रहस्यं ह्येतदुत्तमम् ॥४-३॥
sa evāyaṁ
mayā tedya yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ
saḥ1
eva2 ayam3
mayā4 te5
adya6 yogaḥ7
proktaḥ8 purātanaḥ9
saḥ1 = That; purātanaḥ9 = ancient; yogaḥ7 = Yoga; [which is] ayam3 = this; proktaḥ8 = has been taught; eva2 = certainly; mayā4 = by Me; te5 adya6 = to you5 today6. asi11 me12 bhaktaḥ10 ca14 sakhā13 = You are11 my12 devotee10 and14 friend13; hi17 = indeed. etat18 = This [Yoga]; [is] iti15 = therefore; uttamam19 rahasyam16 = supreme, highest19 secret16. 4.3
4.3: That same ancient yoga of knowledge is declared to you, for you are my devotee and friend. This is certainly the supreme secret. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अर्जुन उवाच अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः । कथमेतद्विजानीयां त्वमादौ प्रोक्तवानिति ॥४-४॥
arjuna uvāca
arjuna
uvāca
arjuna = Arjuna; uvāca = said; bhavataḥ2 = Your [Krishna's]; janma3 = birth; [was] aparam1 = later. janma5 = Birth; vivasvataḥ6 = of Vivasvan; [was] param4 = earlier. katham7 = How; vijānīyām9 = am I to believe or understand [what You say is truth]? tvam10 = You; proktavān12 = instructed ; etat8 = this [this Yoga to Vivasvan]; iti13 = thus, in this manner;ādau11 = in the beginning or outset. 4.4
4.4: Arjuna said: Your birth was later and Vivasvat's birth was earlier. Then how am I to know that you declared this to him in the beginning? Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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श्रीभगवानुवाच बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन । तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप ॥४-५॥
śrībhagavānuvāca
śrībhagavānuvāca
śrībhagavānuvāca = Sri Bhagavan said; arjuna7 = O Arjuna; bahūni1 = many; janmāni4 = births; me2 = of Mine; ca6 = and; tava5 = of yours; vyatītāni3 = have gone by. aham9 = I; veda10 = know; tāni8 = them; sarvāṇi11 = all; [but] tvam13 = you; na12 = do not; vettha14 = know; parantapa15 = O Scorcher of enemies. 4.5
4.5: Sri Bhagavan said, you and I had many births before this birth, O Parantapa, and you do not remember them, while I do remember all of them. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अजोऽपि सन्नव्ययात्मा भूतानामीश्वरोऽपि सन् । प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय संभवाम्यात्ममायया ॥४-६॥
ajopi sann avyayātmā bhūtānām īśvaropi san
ajaḥ1
api2
san3 avyaya4
ātmā5 bhūtānām6
īśvaraḥ7
api8
san9
api2 san3 ajaḥ1 = Though I am birthless or unborn [though2 being3 birthless1] ; avyaya4 ātmā5 = imperishable4 soul5; api8 san9 = though; [and] īśvaraḥ7 = the Lord; [of] bhūtānām6 = all living beings (from Brahma to a blade of grass); adhiṣṭhāya12 = by controlling; svām11 = Mine, my own; prakṛtim10 = Prakriti [Maya of Vishnu: Sattva, Rajas and Tamas--Sankara]; saṁbhavāmi13 = I appear Myself [as an embodied Being] ātma-māyayā14 = by the faculty of my own Maya. 4.6
4.6: Though I am unborn, imperishable and the Lord of beings -Isvarah, and established in my own nature, I myself come into being by My own māyā power. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत । अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥४-७॥
yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir bhavati
bhārata
yadā1
yadā2 hi3
dharmasya4 glāniḥ5
bhavati6 bhārata7
bhārata7= O Scion of Bharata Clan; yadā1 yadā2 hi3 = whenever [at any time]; bhavati6 = there is; glāniḥ5 = decrease; dharmasya4 = of Dharma [righteousness, virtue or duty]; [and] abhyutthānam8 = ascendancy; adharmasya9 = of Adharma, of unrighteousness; tadā10 = then; aham13 = I; sṛjāmi2 = manifest; ātmānam11 = Myself; [with a form before humanity]. 4.7
4.7: O Bharata, Whenever and wherever there is decline of dharma (righteousness) and rise of adharma (unrighteousness), at that time I send forth myself. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् । धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे ॥४-८॥
paritrāṇāya
sādhūnāṁ vināśāya ca
duṣkṛtām
paritrāṇāya1
sādhūnām2
vināśāya3 ca4
duṣkṛtām5
paritrāṇāya1 = For rescue and protection; sādhūnām2 = of the righteous; vināśāya3 = for destruction; duṣkṛtām5 = of the evil, the corrupt, the sinning; ca4 = and; dharma6 saṁsthāpana7 ārthāya8 = for the purpose of establishing righteousness [Righteousness6 establishing7 for the purpose of8]; saṁbhavāmi9 = I appear Myself; yuge10 yuge11 = from age to age. 4.8
4.8: For the protection of the good and the virtuous, for the destruction of the evildoers or the wicked and for the establishment of righteousness (dharma), I am born from age to age. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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जन्म कर्म च मे दिव्यमेवं यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः । त्यक्त्वा देहं पुनर्जन्म नैति मामेति सोऽर्जुन ॥४-९॥
janma karma ca me divyam evaṁ
yo vetti tattvataḥ
janma1
karma2 ca3
me4 divyam5
evam6
yaḥ7
vetti8 tattvataḥ9
yaḥ7 = He who; vetti8 = knows; tattvataḥ9 = in truth, in reality; janma1 = birth; ca3 karma2 = and actions; me4 = of Mine; [are] divyam5 = divine; evam6 = thus; tyaktvā10 = abandons, shuffles off; deham11 = the body [the mortal coil]; [and] na14 eti15 = does not obtain; punaḥ12 janma13 = rebirth [again birth]. saḥ18 = He; eti17 = attains; mām16 = Me; arjuna19 = O Arjuna. 4.9
4.9: He, who knows my birth and work as divine in their true nature and accepts them as the Truth, will not be born again upon leaving his body and comes to me O Arjuna. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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वीतरागभयक्रोधा मन्मया मामुपाश्रिताः । बहवो ज्ञानतपसा पूता मद्भावमागताः ॥४-१०॥
vītarāgabhayakrodhā manmayā mām upāśritāḥ
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ1
manmayāḥ2
mām3 upāśritāḥ4
bahavaḥ5 = Many; vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ1 = who renounced desire, fear, and anger; manmayāḥ2 = who were immersed in Me; mām3 upāśritāḥ4 = who took refuge in Me only [in Me3 refuge4]; pūtāḥ7 = becoming purified; jñāna-tapasā6 = by tapas of knowledge; āgatāḥ9 = have attained; madbhāvam8 = my svarupa, my Form, my Being. 4.10
4.10: Freed from desire, fear, and anger, absorbed in, and regarding Me as their sole refuge, and purified by jnāna (wisdom) and meditation, many people attained to My nature. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तांस्तथैव भजाम्यहम् । मम वर्त्मानुवर्तन्ते मनुष्याः पार्थ सर्वशः ॥४-११॥ ye yathā māṁ prapadyante tāṁs tathaiva bhajāmy aham mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ 4.11 ye1 yathā2 mām3 prapadyante4 tān5 tathā6 eva7 bhajāmi8 aham9 mama10 vartma11 anuvartante12 manuṣyāḥ13 pārtha14 sarvaśaḥ15 4.11
ye1 = Which [of the devotees]; yathā2 = in such manner; prapadyante4 = take refuge in; mām3 = Me;aham9= I; bhajāmi8 = apportion, confer benefits; [to] tān5 = them; tathā6 eva7 = accordingly. manuṣyāḥ13 = All men; anuvartante12 = follow, pursue; mama10 = My; vartma11 = path; sarvaśaḥ15 = in all ways, manners. pārtha14 = O Arjuna. 4.11
4.11: O Partha, I approach in like manner all men who want to attain my feet, and follow my path in all aspects. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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काङ्क्षन्तः कर्मणां सिद्धिं यजन्त इह देवताः । क्षिप्रं हि मानुषे लोके सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा ॥४-१२॥
kāṅkṣantaḥ
karmaṇāṁ siddhiṁ yajanta iha devatāḥ
kāṅkṣantaḥ1
karmaṇām2 siddhim3
yajante4 iha5
devatāḥ6
yajante4 = They worship; iha5 = here [in this world]; devatāḥ6 = the gods; kāṅkṣantaḥ1 = longing for; siddhim3 = complete attainment, fruitive results; karmaṇām2 = of actions; hi8 = for; siddhiḥ10 = success; karmajā12 = from actions; bhavati11 = comes; kṣipram7 = quickly; mānuṣe-loke9 = in the world of humanity. 4.12
4.12: In this world of men, they who desire the fruits of their work worship many gods, because the benefits from fruitive work are obtained very quickly. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः । तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥४-१३॥
cāturvarṇyaṁ
mayā sṛṣṭaṁ guṇakarmavibhāgaśaḥ
cātur-varṇyam1
mayā2 sṛṣṭam3
guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ4
cātur-varṇyam1 = Four varnas or castes; sṛṣṭam3 = are created; mayā2 = by Me; guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ4 = divisions according to Gunas and work [gunas-work-divisions]; api7 = though; [I am] kartāram6 = the agent, founder; tasya5 = of that; viddhi9 = know; mām8 = Me; [as] akartāram10 = non-agent; [and] avyayam11 = unchangeable. 4.13
4.13: I founded (created) the four-fold order of Varna according to guna and karma - fundamental quality and work. Though I am the founder, know me thou as unable to act or change. (Brahmin, Ksatriya, Vaisya and Sudra are the priest, the king, the trader, and the worker.) Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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न मां कर्माणि लिम्पन्ति न मे कर्मफले स्पृहा । इति मां योऽभिजानाति कर्मभिर्न स बध्यते ॥४-१४॥
na māṁ karmāṇi
limpanti na me karmaphale spṛhā
na1
mām2 karmāṇi3
limpanti4 na5
me6 karma-phale7
spṛhā8
karmāṇi3 = Actions; na1= do not; limpanti4 = taint, stain; mām2 = Me; na5 = nor; me6 = for Me; [there is] spṛhā8 = any desire; karma-phale7 = for actions that bear fruits. saḥ15 = He; yaḥ11 = who; abhijānāti12 = knows; mām10 = Me; iti9 = thus; na14 = does not; badhyate16 = become bound; karmabhiḥ13 = by actions. 4.14
4.14: These works never bind me, for I have no desire for their fruits. He, who knows me as Truth, is never bound by actions. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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एवं ज्ञात्वा कृतं कर्म पूर्वैरपि मुमुक्षुभिः । कुरु कर्मैव तस्मात्त्वं पूर्वैः पूर्वतरं कृतम् ॥४-१५॥
evaṁ jñātvā kṛtaṁ karma
pūrvair api mumukṣubhiḥ
evam1
jñātvā2 kṛtam3
karma4 pūrvaiḥ5
api6 mumukṣubhiḥ7
jñātvā2 = Knowing; evam1 = thus; karma4 = action, duty, work; kṛtam3 = was carried out, performed; api6 = even; pūrvaiḥ5 = by the ancient; mumukṣubhiḥ7 = aspirants for liberation; tasmāt11 = therefore; tvam12 = you; kuru8 = carry out, perform; karma9 = action; eva10 = exactly; kṛtam15 = as performed; pūrvataram14 = earlier; pūrvaiḥ13 = by the ancients. 4.15
4.15: Knowing thus, the ancestors or the ancients, seeking liberation performed actions, you also perform the age-old customary work done by the ancients. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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किं कर्म किमकर्मेति कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताः । तत्ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात् ॥४-१६॥
kiṁ
karma kimakarmeti kavayopy atra mohitāḥ
kim1
karma2 kim3
akarma4 iti5
kavayaḥ6
api7
atra8 mohitāḥ10
kim1 karma2 = What is action? kim3 akarma4 = what is inaction? iti5 = Thus; kavayaḥ6 api7 = even the wise; atra8 = in this respect; mohitāḥ10 = are perplexed. pravakṣyāmi14 = I will explicate; tat11 = that; karma13 = action; te12 = to you; jñātvā16 = knowing; yat15 = which; mokṣyase17 = you will become liberated; aśubhāt18 = from inauspiciousness, from evil [metempsychosis, transmigration of the soul, bondages of karma]. 4.16
4.16: What is action? What is inaction? Thus even the wise, in this matter, are confused. I will expound to you that action by knowing which, you will be liberated from sin. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः । अकर्मणश्च बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः ॥४-१७॥
karmaṇo
hy api boddhavyaṁ
boddhavyaṁ ca vikarmaṇaḥ
karmaṇaḥ1
hi2 api3
boddhavyam4
boddhavyam5 ca6
vikarmaṇaḥ7
karmaṇaḥ1 = [Proper] Action; hi2 = certainly; boddhavyam4 = should be known; ca6 = and; vikarmaṇaḥ7= wrong action, forbidden action; api3 = also; boddhavyam5 = should be known; ca9 = and; akarmaṇaḥ8 = inaction; boddhavyam10 = should be known. karmaṇaḥ12 = Karma's gatiḥ13 = course, deportment; gahanā11 = is hard to understand. 4.17
4.17: One has to know or understand what action is, what wrong action is and what inaction is. It is hard to understand karma’s course or path. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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कर्मण्यकर्म यः पश्येदकर्मणि च कर्म यः । स बुद्धिमान्मनुष्येषु स युक्तः कृत्स्नकर्मकृत् ॥४-१८॥
karmaṇy
akarma yaḥ paśyed akarmaṇi
ca karma yaḥ
karmaṇi1
akarma2 yaḥ3
paśyet4 akarmaṇi5
ca6 karma7
yaḥ8
yaḥ3 = He who; paśyet4 = sees, observes; akarmaṇi5 = inaction; karmaṇi1 = in action; ca6 = and; yaḥ8 = who [sees]; karma7 = action; akarma2 = in inaction; sah9 = he; [is] buddhimān10 = a wise one; manuṣyeṣu11 = among men. sah12 = that; yuktaḥ13 = yogi; [is] kṛtsna-karma-kṛt14 = accomplisher of all actions, performer of all actions. 4.18
4.18: He, who sees inaction in action, and action in inaction, is wise among men. He is a yogi (wholesome performer), accomplished in all actions. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यस्य सर्वे समारम्भाः कामसंकल्पवर्जिताः । ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणं तमाहुः पण्डितं बुधाः ॥४-१९॥
yasya sarve samārambhāḥ
kāmasaṁkalpavarjitāḥ
yasya1
sarve2 samārambhāḥ3
kāma4 saṁkalpa5
varjitāḥ6
yasya1 = He whose; samārambhāḥ3 = undertaken or initiated actions; [are] varjitāḥ6 = devoid of; sarve2 = all; kāma4 = desires; [and] saṁkalpa5 = intentions; [and] karmāṇam10 = whose actions; dagdha9 = are burnt, consumed by; agni8 = fire; jñāna7 = of knowledge; budhāḥ14 = the Jnanis, the wise; āhuḥ12 = call; tam11 = him; paṇḍitam13 = the learned. 4.19
jñāna7
agni8 dagdha9
karmāṇam10
=
whose actions are burnt by the fire of knowledge [of
knowledge-by fire-are burnt-whose actions].
Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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त्यक्त्वा कर्मफलासङ्गं नित्यतृप्तो निराश्रयः । कर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्तोऽपि नैव किंचित्करोति सः ॥४-२०॥
tyaktvā karmaphalāsaṅgaṁ
nityatṛpto nirāśrayaḥ
tyaktvā1
karma-phala-āsaṅgam2 nitya-tṛptaḥ3
nirāśrayaḥ4
tyaktvā1 = Abandoning, relinquishing; karma2A-phala2B-āsaṅgam2C = attachment2C to actions2A and fruits2B ; nitya-tṛptaḥ3 = ever contented; nirāśrayaḥ4 = not dependent; api7 = even though; abhipravṛttaḥ6 = engaged as before; karmaṇi5 = in actions; saḥ12 = he; eva9 = really; na8 = does not; karoti11 = do; kiṁcit10 = anything. 4.20 4.20: Having given up desire and attachment to fruit of action, always contented, and not dependent, and though engaged in action, he does nothing ever at all. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा त्यक्तसर्वपरिग्रहः । शारीरं केवलं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम् ॥४-२१॥
nirāśīr yatacittātmā
tyaktasarvaparigrahaḥ
nirāśīḥ1
yata2 citta-ātmā3
tyakta4 sarva5
parigrahaḥ6
nirāśīḥ1 = He who has no desires; yata2 citta-ātmā3 = who has control2 over mind, body and senses3; tyakta4 -sarva5 -parigrahaḥ6 = relinquishing4 all5 possessions6; kurvan10 = doing; karma9 = actions; śārīram7 = to maintain the body; kevalam8 = only; [he] na11 āpnoti12 = does not11 incur12; kilbiṣam13 = sin. 4.21
4.21: With no desire, and controlled body, mind and senses, giving up sense of ownership and allowing only bodily functions, he doesn't incur any guilt or sin. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यदृच्छालाभसंतुष्टो द्वन्द्वातीतो विमत्सरः । समः सिद्धावसिद्धौ च कृत्वापि न निबध्यते ॥४-२२॥
yadṛcchālābhasaṁtuṣṭo
dvandvātīto vimatsaraḥ yadṛcchā1 lābha2 saṁtuṣṭaḥ3 dvandva4 atītaḥ5 vimatsaraḥ6 samaḥ7 siddhāu8 asiddhau9 ca10 kṛtvā11 api12 na13 nibadhyate14 4.22
yadṛcchā1 lābha2 saṁtuṣṭaḥ3 = Satisfied and happy3 with gains2 that come on their own accord1; dvandva4 atītaḥ5 = rising above5 dualities4; vimatsaraḥ6 = free from jealousy; samaḥ7 = balanced; siddhāu8 = in success; asiddhau9 = in unsuccess (failure); ca10 = also; [he] na13 nibadhyate14 = is not13 bound13; api12 kṛtvā11 = even by doing such actions. 4.22
4.22: Satisfied and happy with gains that come on their own accord without any desire for them, transcending - rising above - duality (pleasure and pain), free from envy, and balanced in success and failure, he is not bound even when he acts. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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गतसङ्गस्य मुक्तस्य ज्ञानावस्थितचेतसः । यज्ञायाचरतः कर्म समग्रं प्रविलीयते ॥४-२३॥
gatasaṅgasya
muktasya jñānāvasthitacetasaḥ
gata-saṅgasya1
muktasya2 jñāna3
avasthita4 cetasaḥ5
muktasya2 = Of the emancipated; gata-saṅgasya1 = who has removed attachment; jñāna3 avasthita4 cetasaḥ5 = whose mind5 abides in4 wisdom3; karma8 = actions; ācarataḥ7 = so done; yajñāya6 = for sacrifice; pravilīyate10 = undergo dissolution or destruction; samagram9 = in totality. 4.23
4.23: For the one whose attachments are torn asunder, who is liberated and whose mind abides in wisdom and whose work is sacrifice, his works or actions are dissolved or destroyed. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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ब्रह्मार्पणं ब्रह्म हविर्ब्रह्माग्नौ ब्रह्मणा हुतम् । ब्रह्मैव तेन गन्तव्यं ब्रह्मकर्मसमाधिना ॥४-२४॥
brahmārpaṇaṁ brahma havir
brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam
brahma1
arpaṇam2 brahma3
haviḥ4
brahma5 agnau6
brahmaṇā7
hutam8
brahma1 arpaṇam2 = Offering is Brahman; brahma3 haviḥ4 = butter is Brahman ; brahma5 agnau6 = in the fire of Brahman; [oblation] hutam8 = is offered; brahmaṇā7 = by Brahman. gantavyam12 = [The object] to be attained; tena11 = by him; brahma9 eva10 = is surely Brahman. brahma13 karma14 samādhinā15 = absorption in Brahman is the objective [Brahma13-actions/objective14-concentration15]. 4.24
4.24: The act of offering is Brahman, the oblation is Brahman, and the fire, in which butter (havih) is poured, is Brahman. He is Brahman himself, for having engaged in sacrifice, and will attain Brahman (or absorption). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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दैवमेवापरे यज्ञं योगिनः पर्युपासते । ब्रह्माग्नावपरे यज्ञं यज्ञेनैवोपजुह्वति ॥४-२५॥
daivam evāpare
yajñaṁ yoginaḥ paryupāsate
daivam1
eva2 apare3
yajñam4 yoginaḥ5
pari-upāsate6
apare3 = Other; yoginaḥ5 = Yogis; pari-upāsate6 = offer worshipful; yajñam4 = sacrifice; daivam1 = to gods; eva2 = indeed; brahma-agnāv7 = in the fire of Brahman. apare8 = Others; upa-juhvati12 = worship [Brahman Himself as]; yajñam9 = sacrifice; yajñena10 eva11 by the Self itself. 4.25
4.25: Some yogis offer sacrifices in the form of worship to the demigods, while others offer sacrifice by performing sacrifice in the fire that is Brahman Himself. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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श्रोत्रादीनीन्द्रियाण्यन्ये संयमाग्निषु जुह्वति । शब्दादीन्विषयानन्य इन्द्रियाग्निषु जुह्वति ॥४-२६॥
śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy
anye saṁyamāgniṣu
juhvati
śrotra-ādīni1
īndriyāṇi2
anye3 saṁyama4
agniṣu5
juhvati6
While; anye3 = others; juhvati6 = offer; īndriyāṇi2 = senses; śrotra-ādīni1 = ears and so on; saṁyama4 agniṣu5 = in the fires5 of restraint4; anye10 = others; juhvati13 = offer; viṣayān9 = objects of senses organs; śabda7 ādīn8 = sound and such; indriya11 agniṣu12 = in the fire12 of sense organs11. 4.26
4.26: While others offer their hearing and senses to the fires of restraint or self-control, some others offer sound and other objects of senses to the fires of the senses. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सर्वाणीन्द्रियकर्माणि प्राणकर्माणि चापरे । आत्मसंयमयोगाग्नौ जुह्वति ज्ञानदीपिते ॥४-२७॥
sarvāṇīndriyakarmāṇi
prāṇakarmāṇi
cāpare
sarvāṇi1
indriya2A-karmāṇi2B
prāṇa-karmāṇi3
ca4 apare5
apare5 = Others; juvhati10 = offer; sarvāṇi1 indriya2A-karmāṇi2B = all functions of the sense organs [all1-senses2A-functions2B ] ;ca4 = and; prāṇa-karmāṇi3 = activities of breath; ātma-saṁyama6 yoga7 agnau8 = in the fire of8 Yoga7 of self-restraint6; jñāna-dīpite11 = illuminated by wisdom. 4.27
4.27: Others offer the functions of their senses and the breath (prāna) into the fire of yoga of self-restraint, illuminated by wisdom. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे । स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः ॥४-२८॥
dravyayajñās tapoyajñā
yogayajñās tathāpare
dravya-yajñāḥ1
tapo-yajñāḥ2
yoga-yajñāḥ3
tathā4
apare5
tathā4 apare5 = Similarly others; [make] dravya1A-yajñāḥ1B = Sacrifice1B of their wealth1A; tapo-yajñāḥ2 = sacrifice by austerity; yoga-yajñāḥ3 = sacrifice by Yoga; ca8 = and; svādhyāya6 jñāna-yajñāḥ7 = sacrifice by study and wisdom. yatayaḥ9 = ascetics; [are of] saṁśita10 vratāḥ11 = severe vows. 4.28
4.28: Sacrifices are made in the form of material possessions, austerities, yogic practices, Vedic studies, intuitive wisdom, and severe vows as by ascetics. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अपाने जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणेऽपानं तथापरे । प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायामपरायणाः ॥४-२९॥
apāne
juvhati prāṇaṁ prāṇepānaṁ tathāpare
apāne1
juvhati2
prāṇam3
prāṇe4
apānam5
tathā6
apare7
apare7 = Others; juvhati2 = offer; prāṇam3 = out-breath; [in] apāne1 in-breath; tathā6 = so also; [others offer] apānam5 = in-breath; prāṇe4 = in out-breath; prāṇāyāma13 parāyaṇāḥ14 = by practicing14 breath control13; [and] prāṇa8apāna10 gatī11 ruddhvā12 = by stopping12 out-breath8 and in-breath10 movement11. 4.29
4.29. Others offer out-breath into in-breath and in-breath into out-breath. Still others stop the movements of Out-breath and In-breath and practice breath-control. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अपरे नियताहाराः प्राणान्प्राणेषु जुह्वति । सर्वेऽप्येते यज्ञविदो यज्ञक्षपितकल्मषाः ॥४-३०॥
apare
niyatāhārāḥ prāṇān prāṇeṣu
juvhati
apare1
niyata2
āhārāḥ3
prāṇān4
prāṇeṣu5
juvhati6
apare1 = Others; juvhati6 = sacrifice by; niyata2 āhārāḥ3 = limited food intake; [and] prāṇān4 = out-breath; prāṇeṣu5 = into out-breath; api8 = though; sarve7 = all; ete9 = these; yajña-vidaḥ10 = are knowers of sacrifice; [and] yajña11 kṣapita12 kalmaṣāḥ13 = destroyed their sins by sacrifice [sacrifice-destroyed-sins]. 4.30
4.30: Others sacrifice by limiting their food intake and Prana into Prana itself. They, knowing all these, destroy their sins by sacrifices. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यज्ञशिष्टामृतभुजो यान्ति ब्रह्म सनातनम् । नायं लोकोऽस्त्ययज्ञस्य कुतोऽन्यः कुरुसत्तम ॥४-३१॥
yajñaśiṣṭāmṛtabhujo yānti brahma
sanātanam
yajña1-śiṣṭa2-amṛta3-bhujaḥ4
yānti5
brahma6
sanātanam7
yajña1-śiṣṭa2-amṛta3-bhujaḥ4 = They who eat4 the remains3 [amrta = nectar3 = prasada] of the sacrifice1; yānti5 = reach; brahma6 sanātanam7 = Brahman Eternal. na8 ayam9 lokaḥ10 asti11 ayajñasya12 = This world ceases to exist for the non-sacrificer [does not8 + this9 + world10+ exist11 for the non-sacrificer12]. kutaḥ13 anyaḥ14 = What of the other world for him? [where is13 + the other14 [world]?] kuru-sattama15 = O the best among the Kurus. 4.31
4.31: As a benefit of such sacrifice, they enjoy the remnants of the nectar of the sacrifice and attain the Supreme Brahman. This world is not for the one, who does not perform any sacrifice. How is it possible that he could even think of the other world (heaven), O Kurusuttama, the best of the Kurus.? Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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एवं बहुविधा यज्ञा वितता ब्रह्मणो मुखे । कर्मजान्विद्धि तान्सर्वानेवं ज्ञात्वा विमोक्ष्यसे ॥४-३२॥
evaṁ
bahuvidhā yajñā vitatā brahmaṇo mukhe
evam1
bahu-vidhāḥ2
yajñāḥ3
vitatāḥ4
brahmaṇaḥ5
mukhe6
evam1 = Thus; bahu-vidhāḥ2 yajñāḥ3 = many kinds2 of sacrifices3; vitatāḥ4 = are spread out; brahmaṇaḥ5 mukhe6 = on the face6 of Brahman5. [You] viddhi8 = should know; sarvān10 = all; [of] tān9 = them; [are] karma-jān7 = born of action. evam11 = Thus; jñātvā12 = knowing; vimokṣyase13 = you will be liberated. 4.32
4.32: Thus, many forms of sacrifices are spread out on the face of Brahman (Brahmanah mukhe). You should know that all these are born of work and knowing thus, you will be liberated or attain moksa. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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श्रेयान्द्रव्यमयाद्यज्ञाज्ज्ञानयज्ञः परन्तप । सर्वं कर्माखिलं पार्थ ज्ञाने परिसमाप्यते ॥४-३३॥
śreyān dravyamayād yajñāj jñānayajñaḥ
paraṁtapa
śreyān1
dravyamayāt2 yajñāt3
jñāna-yajñaḥ4
parantapa5
śreyān1 = Better, greater; [than] dravyamayāt2 yajñāt3 = material sacrifice [material2 sacrifice3]; [is] jñāna-yajñaḥ4 = knowledge sacrifice; parantapa5= O Arjuna. sarvam6 = All; karma7 akhilam8 = activities7 in toto8; pārtha9 = O son of Prtha; parisamāpyate11 = attains fulfillment; jñāne10 = in knowledge. 4.33
4.33: Greater than the material sacrifice is the sacrifice in knowledge, O Parantapa. All works without exception - karmakhilam - O Partha, attain fulfillment or completion in knowledge or wisdom. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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तद्विद्धि प्रणिपातेन परिप्रश्नेन सेवया । उपदेक्ष्यन्ति ते ज्ञानं ज्ञानिनस्तत्त्वदर्शिनः ॥४-३४॥
tad viddhi praṇipātena
paripraśnena sevayā
tat1
viddhi2 praṇipātena3
paripraśnena4
sevayā5
tat1 viddhi2 = Know2 that1; praṇipātena3 = by prostration; paripraśnena4 = by enquiry; [and] sevayā5 = by seva or service of the Guru. jñāninaḥ9 = the learned; [and] tattva-darśinaḥ10 = the seers of Truth; upadekṣyanti6 = impart; jñānam8 = knowledge; te7 = to you. 4.34
4.34: Learn this knowledge by prostrating at the feet of the men of wisdom, by inquiring, and by performing service unto them. The self-realized seers of Truth or revealed knowledge will impart that knowledge to you. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यज्ज्ञात्वा न पुनर्मोहमेवं यास्यसि पाण्डव । येन भूतान्यशेषेण द्रक्ष्यस्यात्मन्यथो मयि ॥४-३५॥
yaj jñātvā na punar moham
evaṁ yāsyasi pāṇḍava
yat1
jñātvā2
na3
punaḥ4
moham5
evam6
yāsyasi7
pāṇḍava8
jñātvā2 = Knowing; yat1 = that [Knowledge]; [you will] na3 = never; punaḥ4 = again; yāsyasi7 = be subjected to; moham5 = confusion, delusion; evam6 = in this way; pāṇḍava8 = O son of Pandu; yena9 = by which; drakṣyasi12 = you will see; bhūtāni10 = living beings; aśeṣeṇi11 = without exception; ātmani13 = in your self; [and] atha14 = then; mayi15 = in Me. 4.35
4.35: Knowing this, you will never again be subjected to delusion like this, O Pandava. By this, you will see all living beings in the self and then in Me. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अपि चेदसि पापेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यः पापकृत्तमः । सर्वं ज्ञानप्लवेनैव वृजिनं सन्तरिष्यसि ॥४-३६॥
api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ
sarvebhyaḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ
api1
cet2 asi3
pāpebhyaḥ4
sarvebhyaḥ5 pāpa-kṛt-tamaḥ6
api1 cet2 asi3 = Even1 if2 you are3; pāpa-kṛt-tamaḥ6 = the greatest sinner; sarvebhyaḥ5 = among all; pāpebhyaḥ4 = the sinners; santariṣyasi11 = you will cross over; sarvam7 = all; vṛjinam10 = vice, sin, wickedness [crooked, bent]; jñāna8A-plavena8B eva9 = with9 the boat8B of knowledge8A. 4.36
4.36: Even if you are the greatest or the worst sinner of all sinners, you will certainly cross over sins or wickedness by the boat of knowledge or wisdom. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यथैधांसि समिद्धोऽग्निर्भस्मसात्कुरुतेऽर्जुन । ज्ञानाग्निः सर्वकर्माणि भस्मसात्कुरुते तथा ॥४-३७॥
yathaidhāṁsi
samiddhognir bhasmasāt kuruterjuna
yatha1
edhāṁsi2
samiddhaḥ3
agniḥ4
bhasmasāt5 kurute6
arjuna7
yatha1 = As; samiddhaḥ3 + agniḥ4 = blazing fire; kurute6 = does, reduces, renders; edhāṁsi2 = wood; bhasmasāt5 = into ashes; arjuna7= O Arjuna; jñāna8 agniḥ9 = the fire9 of knowledge8; tathā14 = similarly; kurute13 = does, reduces; sarva10 karmāṇi11= all actions; bhasmasāt12 = into ashes. 4.37
4.37: As the blazing fire renders the wood into ashes, O Arjuna, even so the fire of knowledge turns all actions to ashes. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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न हि ज्ञानेन सदृशं पवित्रमिह विद्यते । तत्स्वयं योगसंसिद्धः कालेनात्मनि विन्दति ॥४-३८॥
na hi jñānena sadṛśaṁ
pavitram iha vidyate
na1
hi2 jñānena3
sadṛśam4
pavitram5 iha6
vidyate7
na1 = Nothing; hi2 = indeed; vidyate7= exists; iha6 = in this world; [as] sadṛśam4 = comparison; jñānena3 = to knowledge; pavitram5 = the purifying [agent]. yoga10 saṁsiddhaḥ11 = One who has become perfect in yoga; kālena12 = in passage of time; vindati14 = attains; tat8 = that [knowledge]; svayam9 = by himself; ātmani13 = in his own self. 4.38 4.38: Nothing exists in this world for comparison, when it comes to knowledge as the purifier. He, who has been perfect in yoga of knowledge for a long time, finds it in his own self in due course of time. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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श्रद्धावाँल्लभते ज्ञानं तत्परः संयतेन्द्रियः । ज्ञानं लब्ध्वा परां शान्तिमचिरेणाधिगच्छति ॥४-३९॥
śraddhāvāṁl
labhate jñānaṁ tatparaḥ
saṁyatendriyaḥ
śraddhāvān1
labhate2 jñānam3
tatparaḥ4 saṁyata5
indriyaḥ6
śraddhāvān1 = A man of faith; labhate2 = attains; jñānam3 = Knowledge; tatparaḥ4 = devoted to; saṁyata5 -indriyaḥ6 = control over the sense organs. labdhvā8 = Having achieved; jñānam7 = Knowledge; adhigacchati12 = one attains; parām9 = supreme; śāntim10 = peace; acireṇa11 = without delay. 4.39
4.39: With control of the senses and single-minded devotion, a man of faith gains wisdom. Having achieved that, he gains supreme peace soon. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अज्ञश्चाश्रद्दधानश्च संशयात्मा विनश्यति । नायं लोकोऽस्ति न परो न सुखं संशयात्मनः ॥४-४०॥
ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca saṁśayātmā
vinaśyati
ajñaḥ1
ca2 aśraddadhānaḥ3
ca4 saṁśaya5
ātmā6
vinaśyati7
ajñaḥ1 = Know-nothing fool; ca2 aśraddadhānaḥ3 = lacking faith; [who is] ca4= also; saṁśaya5 ātmā6 = a doubting5 person6; vinaśyati7 = perishes; [because] saṁśaya16 ātmanaḥ17 = the one with doubts; na8 ayam9 lokaḥ10 asti11 = neither8 this9 world10 exists11;na12 paraḥ13 = nor12 the next world13; na14 sukham15 = nor happiness. 4.40 4.40: A know-nothing fool with no faith and many doubts perishes. For such a doubting soul, neither in this world nor in the next world is there happiness. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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योगसंन्यस्तकर्माणं ज्ञानसंछिन्नसंशयम् । आत्मवन्तं न कर्माणि निबध्नन्ति धनंजय ॥४-४१॥
yogasaṁnyastakarmāṇaṁ
jñānasaṁchinnasaṁśayam
yoga1
sannyasta2 karmāṇam3
jñāna4 sañchinna5
saṁśayam6
[For] yoga1 sannyasta2 karmāṇam3 = One who relinquished2 actions3 through Yoga1; jñāna4 sañchinna5 saṁśayam6 = one whose doubts6 are removed5 by wisdom4; ātmavantam7 = one who has his mind under his control, [one who owns his soul];na8 karmāṇi9 nibadhnanti10 = actions9 do not8 bind him10; dhanañjaya11 = O Dhanañjaya, winner of wealth. 4.41
Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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तस्मादज्ञानसम्भूतं हृत्स्थं ज्ञानासिनात्मनः । छित्त्वैनं संशयं योगमातिष्ठोत्तिष्ठ भारत ॥४-४२॥
tasmād
ajñānasañbhūtaṁ hṛtsthaṁ
jñānāsinātmanaḥ
tasmāt1
ajñāna2 sañbhūtam3
hṛt-stham4 jñāna5
asina6 ātmanaḥ7
tasmāt1 = Therefore; chittvā8 enam9 = cutting asunder8 this9; saṁśayam10 = doubt; hṛt4A-stham4B = abiding4B in the heart4A; ajñāna2 sañbhūtam3 = born of3 ignorance2; [with] jñāna5 asina6 ātmanaḥ7 = your7 sword6 of Knowledge5; ātiṣṭha12 = establish yourself; yogam11 = in Yoga; [and] uttiṣṭha13 = stand up; bhārata14 = O Bharata, the Scion of Bharata clan. 4.42
4.42: Therefore, cutting asunder this doubt in your heart born of ignorance with the sword of wisdom, establish yourself in yoga and stand up, O Bharata. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
End BG Chapter 04: The Yoga of Knowledge