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V.Krishnaraj

BG Chapter 14::The Three-Guna Psychology

श्रीभगवानुवाच

परं भूयः प्रवक्ष्यामि ज्ञानानां ज्ञानमुत्तमम् ।

यज्ज्ञात्वा मुनयः सर्वे परां सिद्धिमितो गताः ॥१४- १॥

śrībhagavān uvāca
paraṁ bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi jñānānāṁ jñānam uttamam
yaj jñātvā munayaḥ sarve parāṁ siddhim ito gatāḥ 14.1

śrībhagavān uvāca
param¹ bhūyaḥ² pravakṣyāmi³ jñānānām⁴ jñānam⁵ uttamam⁶
yat⁷ jñātvā⁸ munayaḥ⁹ sarve¹⁰ parām¹¹ siddhim¹² itaḥ¹³ gatāḥ¹⁴ 14.1

śrībhagavān uvāca = Sri Bhagavan said: pravakṣyāmi³ = I shall declare; bhūyaḥ² = again; param¹ = supreme; jñānam⁵ = knowledge; uttamam⁶ = the highest; jñānānām⁴ = of all knowledge; jñātvā⁸ = knowing; yat⁷ = which; sarve¹⁰ = all; munayaḥ⁹ = sages; gatāḥ¹⁴ = attained; itaḥ¹³ = from here [this world]; parām¹¹ = supreme; siddhim¹² = perfection. 14.1

14.1: Sri Bhagavan said:

I shall again declare the supreme knowledge, which is the highest of all knowledge, by knowing which all munis (sages) attained supreme perfection in their afterlives.

इदं ज्ञानमुपाश्रित्य मम साधर्म्यमागताः ।

सर्गेऽपि नोपजायन्ते प्रलये न व्यथन्ति च ॥१४- २॥

idaṁ jñānam upāśritya mama sādharmyam āgatāḥ
sargepi nopajāyante pralaye na vyathanti ca 14.2

idam¹ jñānam² upāśritya³ mama⁴ sādharmyam⁵ āgatāḥ⁶
sarge⁷ api⁸ na upajāyante⁹ pralaye¹⁰ na vyathanti¹¹ ca¹² 14.2

upāśritya³ = Taking refuge in; idam¹ = this; jñānam² = knowledge; [and] āgatāḥ⁶ = attaining; mama⁴ = My; sādharmyam⁵ = Nature [same identity]; [they] na upajāyante⁹ = are neither born; sarge⁷ = during creation; na vyathanti¹¹ca¹² = nor suffer pain; api⁸ = even; pralaye¹⁰ = at dissolution.14.2

14.2: Having taken refuge in knowledge, and having entered My nature, they are neither born at the time of creation nor suffer at the time of dissolution.

मम योनिर्महद्ब्रह्म तस्मिन्गर्भं दधाम्यहम् ।

संभवः सर्वभूतानां ततो भवति भारत ॥१४- ३॥

mama yonir mahad brahma tasmin garbhaṁ dadhāmy aham
saṁbhavaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ tato bhavati bhārata 14.3

mama¹ yoniḥ² mahat brahma³ tasmin⁴ garbham⁵ dadhāmi⁶ aham⁷
sambhavaḥ⁸ sarva-bhūtānām⁹ tataḥ¹⁰ bhavati¹¹ bhārata¹² 14.3

mahat brahma³ = The Great Brahman; [is] mama¹ = My; yoniḥ² = Womb; tasmin⁴ = in it [in the Womb]; aham⁷= I; dadhāmi⁶ = induce [place]; garbham⁵ = pregnancy; tataḥ¹⁰ = thereafter; sambhavaḥ⁸ = birth; sarva-bhūtānām⁹ = of all beings;bhavati¹¹ = occurs; bhārata¹² O Scion of Bharata. 14.3

14.3: The great Brahman is My womb, in which I induce pregnancy. From that, all living beings are born, O Bharata.

सर्वयोनिषु कौन्तेय मूर्तयः संभवन्ति याः ।

तासां ब्रह्म महद्योनिरहं बीजप्रदः पिता ॥१४- ४॥

sarvayoniṣu kaunteya mūrtayaḥ saṁbhavanti yāḥ
tāsāṁ brahma mahad yonir ahaṁ bījapradaḥ pitā 14.4

sarva-yoniṣu¹ kaunteya² mūrtayaḥ³ sambhavanti⁴ yāḥ⁵
tāsām⁶ brahma⁷ mahat⁸ yoniḥ⁹ aham¹⁰ bīja-pradaḥ¹¹ pitā¹² 14.4

yāḥ⁵ = Whatever; mūrtayaḥ³ = forms; sambhavanti⁴ = appear/are born; sarva-yoniṣu¹ = from all wombs; kaunteya² = O son of Kunti; mahat⁸ = the Great; brahma⁷ = Brahman; [is] yoniḥ⁹ = the Womb; aham¹⁰ = I; [am] bīja-pradaḥ¹¹= the seed giving; pitā¹² = father tāsām⁶ = of them. 14.4

14.4: Whatever forms appear in the wombs, O son of Kunti, I am the seed-giving father of all of them in the great womb of Brahma.

सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति गुणाः प्रकृतिसंभवाः ।

निबध्नन्ति महाबाहो देहे देहिनमव्ययम् ॥१४- ५॥

sattvaṁ rajas tama iti guṇāḥ prakṛtisambhavāḥ
nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinam avyayam 14.5

sattvam¹ rajas² tamaḥ³ iti⁴ guṇāḥ⁵ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ⁶
nibadhnanti⁷ mahābāho⁸ dehe⁹ dehinam¹⁰ avyayam¹¹ 14.5

sattvam¹ = Sattva/goodness; rajas² = Rajas/passion; tamaḥ³ = Tamas/darkness; iti⁴ = thus; guṇāḥ⁵ = the Gunas or qualities; prakṛti-sambhavāḥ⁶ = are born of nature; [and] nibadhnanti⁷ = bind down; avyayam¹¹ = the imperishable; dehinam¹⁰ = living being [soul]; dehe⁹ = to the body; mahābāho⁸ = O Mighty-armed Arjuna. 14.5

14.5: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas are the gunas, born of Prakriti, bind down the imperishable self to the body.

तत्र सत्त्वं निर्मलत्वात्प्रकाशकमनामयम् ।

सुखसङ्गेन बध्नाति ज्ञानसङ्गेन चानघ ॥१४- ६॥

tatra sattvaṁ nirmalatvāt prakāśakam anāmayam
sukhasaṅgena badhnāti jñānasaṅgena cānagha 14.6

tatra¹ sattvam² nirmalatvāt³ prakāśakam⁴ anāmayam⁵
sukhasaṅgena⁶ badhnāti⁷ jñāna-saṅgena⁸ ca⁹ anagha¹⁰ 14.6

tatra¹ = Therefore; sattvam² = Sattva; nirmalatvāt³ = being pure; [is] prakāśakam⁴ = shining; [and] anāmayam⁵ = free of sickness; [ but] badhnāti⁷ = binds; sukhasaṅgena⁶ = because of connection to happiness; ca⁹ = and; jñāna-saṅgena⁸ = connection to knowledge; anagha¹⁰ = O sinless one.14.6

14.6: Because Sattva is pure, it is shining and sickness-free (anāmayam), but binds one (the self) because of its attachment to happiness and knowledge, O Arjuna.

रजो रागात्मकं विद्धि तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम् ।

तन्निबध्नाति कौन्तेय कर्मसङ्गेन देहिनम् ॥१४- ७॥

rajo rāgātmakaṁ viddhi tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam
tan nibadhnāti kaunteya karmasaṅgena dehinam 14.7

rajaḥ¹ rāgātmakam² viddhi³ tṛṣṇā-asaṅga-samudbhavam⁴
tat⁵ nibadhnāti⁶ kaunteya⁷ karma-saṅgena⁸ dehinam⁹ 14.7

kaunteya⁷ = O son of Kunti; viddhi³ = know; rajaḥ¹ = Rajas/passion; [is] rāgātmakam² = of the form of desire; tṛṣṇā-asaṅga-samudbhavam⁴ = born of avidity and attachment [avidity-attachment-born of]; tat⁵ = that; nibadhnāti⁶ = binds; dehinam⁹ = the embodied self; karma-saṅgena⁸ = by its attachment to actions. 14.7

14.7: Know that Rajas is (of the nature of) passion and greed. O son of Kunti, it (Rajas) binds the embodied self by its attachment to fruits of work.

तमस्त्वज्ञानजं विद्धि मोहनं सर्वदेहिनाम् ।

प्रमादालस्यनिद्राभिस्तन्निबध्नाति भारत ॥१४- ८॥

tamas tv ajñānajaṁ viddhi mohanaṁ sarvadehinām
pramādālasyanidrābhis tan nibadhnāti bhārata 14.8

tamaḥ¹ tu² ajñānajam³ viddhi⁴ mohanam⁵ sarva-dehinām⁶
pramāda-ālasya-nidrābhiḥ⁷ tat⁸ nibadhnāti⁹ bhārata¹⁰ 14.8

tu² = But; viddhi⁴ = know; tamaḥ¹ = Tamas/darkness; ajñānajam³ = is born of ignorance; [causing] mohanam⁵ = delusion; sarva-dehinām⁶ = to all embodied selves; tat⁸ = that; nibadhnāti⁹ = binds; pramāda-ālasya-nidrābhiḥ⁷ = by negligence, laziness, and sleep; bhārata¹⁰ = O son of Bharata.14.8

14.8: Know that Tamas is born of ajnāna (ignorance) and it deludes all embodied selves. It (Tamas) binds by negligence, laziness, and sleep, O son of Bharata.

सत्त्वं सुखे संजयति रजः कर्मणि भारत ।

ज्ञानमावृत्य तु तमः प्रमादे संजयत्युत ॥१४- ९॥

sattvaṁ sukhe saṁjayati rajaḥ karmaṇi bhārata
jñānam āvṛtya tu tamaḥ pramāde saṁjayaty uta 14.9

sattvam¹ sukhe² sañjayati³ rajaḥ⁴ karmaṇi⁵ bhārata⁶
jñānam⁷ āvṛtya⁸ tu⁹ tamaḥ¹⁰ pramāde¹¹ sañjayati¹² uta¹³ 14.9

sattvam¹ = Sattvam/goodness; sañjayati³ = attaches a person; sukhe² = to happiness; rajaḥ⁴ = rajas/passion; karmaṇi⁵ = to action; bhārata⁶ = O Bharata; tu⁹ = but; tamaḥ¹⁰ = tamas/darkness; sañjayati¹² = attaches; pramāde¹¹ = to negligence; uta¹³ = also āvṛtya⁸ = by hiding; jñānam⁷ = wisdom.14.9

14.9: Sattva attaches one to happiness; Rajas to action; O Bharata, and Tamas to negligence by hiding wisdom.

रजस्तमश्चाभिभूय सत्त्वं भवति भारत ।

रजः सत्त्वं तमश्चैव तमः सत्त्वं रजस्तथा ॥१४- १०॥

rajas tamaś cābhibhūya sattvaṁ bhavati bhārata
rajaḥ sattvaṁ tamaś caiva tamaḥ sattvaṁ rajas tathā 14.10

rajaḥ¹ tamaḥ² ca³ abhibhūya⁴ sattvam⁵ bhavati⁶ bhārata⁷
rajaḥ⁸ sattvam⁹ tamaḥ¹⁰ ca¹¹ eva¹² tamaḥ¹³ sattvam¹⁴ rajaḥ¹⁵ tathā¹⁶ 14.10

sattvam⁵ = Sattva/virtue; bhavati⁶ = becomes; abhibhūya⁴ = superior; [by subduing] rajaḥ¹ = Rajas/passion; ca³ = and; tamaḥ² = Tamas/darkness; bhārata⁷ = O Scion of Bharata Clan. rajaḥ⁸ = Rajas; [augments by subduing] sattvam⁹ = Sattva; ca¹¹ = and; tamaḥ¹⁰ = Tamas; eva¹² = indeed. tamaḥ¹³ = Tamas; tathā¹⁶ = thus; [augments by subduing] sattvam¹⁴ = Sattva; [and] rajaḥ¹⁵ = Rajas. 14.10

14.10: Sattva dominates by overcoming Rajas and Tamas; O Bharata, Rajas (dominates) Sattva and Tamas like that; and Tamas (dominates) thus Sattva and Rajas.

सर्वद्वारेषु देहेऽस्मिन्प्रकाश उपजायते ।

ज्ञानं यदा तदा विद्याद्विवृद्धं सत्त्वमित्युत ॥१४- ११॥

sarvadvāreṣu dehesmin prakāśa upajāyate
jñānaṁ yadā tadā vidyād vivṛddhaṁ sattvam ity uta 14.11

sarva-dvāreṣu¹ dehe² asmin³ prakāśa⁴ upajāyate⁵
jñānam⁶ yadā⁷ tadā⁸ vidyāt⁹ vivṛddham¹⁰ sattvam¹¹ iti¹² uta¹³ 14.11

yadā⁷ = When; prakāśa⁴ = light; [of] jñānam⁶ = knowledge; upajāyate⁵ = manifests [shines]; sarva-dvāreṣu¹ = from all gates; asmin³ = in this; dehe² = body; tadā⁸ = then; vidyāt⁹ = know; sattvam¹¹ = Sattva; iti¹² = thus; uta¹³ = indeed; vivṛddham¹⁰ = has augmented.14.11

14.11: When the light of knowledge shines forth from the gates of the body, we know that Sattva has increased or expanded.

लोभः प्रवृत्तिरारम्भः कर्मणामशमः स्पृहा ।

रजस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे भरतर्षभ ॥१४- १२॥

lobhaḥ pravṛttir ārambhaḥ karmaṇām aśamaḥ spṛhā
rajasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe bharatarṣabha 14.12

lobhaḥ¹ pravṛttiḥ² ārambhaḥ³ karmaṇām⁴ aśamaḥ⁵ spṛhā⁶
rajasi⁷ etāni⁸ jāyante⁹ vivṛddhe¹⁰ bharata-rṣabha¹¹ 14.12

lobhaḥ¹ = Greed; pravṛttiḥ² = activity; ārambhaḥ³ = beginning; karmaṇām⁴ = of actions; aśamaḥ⁵ = unrest; [and] spṛhā⁶ = desire: etāni⁸ = these; jāyante⁹ = manifest; [when] rajasi⁷ = Rajas quality; vivṛddhe¹⁰ = becomes dominant; bharata-rṣabha¹¹ = O the best of Bharatas. 14.12

14.12: Greed, activity, and beginning of self-serving endeavors, unrest, and eager desire: these come forth when Rajas increases, O Best of Bharatas.

अप्रकाशोऽप्रवृत्तिश्च प्रमादो मोह एव च ।

तमस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे कुरुनन्दन ॥१४- १३॥

aprakāśopravṛttiś ca pramādo moha eva ca
tamasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe kurunandana 14.13

aprakāśaḥ¹ apravṛttiḥ² ca³ pramādaḥ⁴ mohaḥ⁵ eva⁶ ca⁷
tamasi⁸ etāni⁹ jāyante¹⁰ vivṛddhe¹¹ kuru-nandana¹² 14.13

aprakāśaḥ¹ = Darkness; apravṛttiḥ² = stagnation/inactivity; pramādaḥ⁴ = negligence; ca³ = and; mohaḥ⁵ ca⁷ = also delusion: etāni⁹ = these; eva⁶ = indeed; jāyante¹⁰ = come forth; [when] tamasi⁸ = Tamas quality; vivṛddhe¹¹ = increases; kuru-nandana¹² = O son of Kuru.14.13

14.13: Darkness, stagnation, Negligence, and delusion: these come forth when Tamas increases, O Joy (son) of Kurus.

यदा सत्त्वे प्रवृद्धे तु प्रलयं याति देहभृत् ।

तदोत्तमविदां लोकानमलान्प्रतिपद्यते ॥१४- १४॥

yadā sattve pravṛddhe tu pralayaṁ yāti dehabhṛt
tadottamavidāṁ lokān amalān pratipadyate 14.14

yadā¹ sattve² pravṛddhe³ tu⁴ pralayam⁵ yāti⁶ deha-bhṛt⁷
tadā⁸ uttamavidām⁹ lokān¹⁰ amalān¹¹ pratipadyate¹² 14.14

yadā¹ = When; deha-bhṛt⁷ = the embodied; yāti⁶ = proceeds to; pralayam⁵ = dissolution/death; [and] sattve² = Sattva/virtue; pravṛddhe³ = is on the ascent/ dominant; tu⁴ = certainly; tadā⁸ = then; pratipadyate¹² = he attains; amalān¹¹ = the pure; lokān¹⁰ = world; uttamavidām⁹ = of knowers of the highest. 14.14

14.14: When the embodied proceeds to dissolution and Sattva is on the ascent, that time he reaches the world of the pure and the knowers of the Highest.

रजसि प्रलयं गत्वा कर्मसङ्गिषु जायते ।

तथा प्रलीनस्तमसि मूढयोनिषु जायते ॥१४- १५॥

rajasi pralayaṁ gatvā karmasaṅgiṣu jāyate
tathā pralīnas tamasi mūḍhayoniṣu jāyate 14.15

rajasi¹ pralayam² gatvā³ karma-saṅgiṣu⁴ jāyate⁵
tathā⁶ pralīnaḥ⁷ tamasi⁸ mūḍha-yoniṣu⁹ jāyate¹⁰ 14.15

pralayam² gatvā³ = Attaining death [ death-attain]; rajasi¹ = in Rajas quality; jāyate⁵ = he takes birth; karma-saṅgiṣu⁴ = [among people] attached to action; tathā⁶ = likewise; pralīnaḥ⁷ = when one dies; tamasi⁸ = in Tamas; jāyate¹⁰ = he takes birth; mūḍha-yoniṣu⁹ = in ignorant wombs [in animal wombs]. 14.15

14.15: Attaining dissolution during Rajas, (it) takes birth among those attached to action. In like manner, when one dissolves during Tamasic nature, he takes birth in an ignorant womb.

कर्मणः सुकृतस्याहुः सात्त्विकं निर्मलं फलम् ।

रजसस्तु फलं दुःखमज्ञानं तमसः फलम् ॥१४- १६॥

karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasyāhuḥ sāttvikaṁ nirmalaṁ phalam
rajasas tu phalaṁ duḥkham ajñānaṁ tamasaḥ phalam 14.16

karmaṇaḥ¹ sukṛtasya² āhuḥ³ sāttvikam⁴ nirmalam⁵ phalam⁶
rajasaḥ⁷ tu⁸ phalam⁹ duḥkham¹⁰ ajñānam¹¹ tamasaḥ¹² phalam¹³ 14.16

phalam⁶ = The fruit; sukṛtasya² = of good/pious; karmaṇaḥ¹ = action; āhuḥ³ = is said to be; nirmalam⁵ = pure; sāttvikam⁴ = virtue; tu⁸ = but; phalam⁹ = fruit; rajasaḥ⁷ = of passion; [is] duḥkham¹⁰ = sorrow; phalam¹³ = the fruit; [of] ajñānam¹¹ = ignorance; [ is] tamasaḥ¹² = Tamas. 14.16

14.16: The fruit of good action is (said to be) Sātvikam and purity, the fruit of Rājasah is misery (and suffering), and the fruit of Tamasah is ignorance.

सत्त्वात्संजायते ज्ञानं रजसो लोभ एव च ।

प्रमादमोहौ तमसो भवतोऽज्ञानमेव च ॥१४- १७॥

sattvāt saṁjāyate jñānaṁ rajaso lobha eva ca
pramādamohau tamaso bhavatojñānam eva ca 14.17

sattvāt¹ sañjāyate² jñānam³ rajasaḥ⁴ lobha⁵ eva⁶ ca⁷
pramāda-mohau⁸ tamasaḥ⁹ bhavataḥ¹⁰ ajñānam¹¹ eva¹² ca¹³ 14.17

sattvāt¹ = From virtue; sañjāyate² = arises; jñānam³ = knowledge; rajasaḥ⁴ = from passion; lobha⁵ = greed; eva⁶ = indeed; ca⁷ = and; tamasaḥ⁹ = from darkness; bhavataḥ¹⁰ = comes; pramāda-mohau⁸ = madness and delusion; ca¹³ = and; ajñānam¹¹ = ignorance; eva¹² = indeed.14.17

14.17: From Sattva arises knowledge; from Rajas (arises) greed; and from Tamas arise negligence, delusion and ignorance.

ऊर्ध्वं गच्छन्ति सत्त्वस्था मध्ये तिष्ठन्ति राजसाः ।

जघन्यगुणवृत्तिस्था अधो गच्छन्ति तामसाः ॥१४- १८॥

ūrdhvaṁ gacchanti sattvasthā madhye tiṣṭhanti rājasāḥ
jaghanyaguṇavṛttisthā adho gacchhanti tāmasāḥ 14.18

ūrdhvam¹ gacchanti² sattvasthāḥ³ madhye⁴ tiṣṭhanti⁵ rājasāḥ⁶
jaghanya-guṇa-vṛttisthāḥ⁷ adhaḥ⁸ gacchhanti⁹ tāmasāḥ¹⁰ 14.18

sattvasthāḥ³ = They who are steadfast in Sattva; gacchanti² = go; ūrdhvam¹ = higher [in the realm of gods]; rājasāḥ⁶ = the Rajasic; tiṣṭhanti⁵ = stay/remain; madhye⁴ = in the middle; tāmasāḥ¹⁰ = the Tamasic; jaghanya-guṇa-vṛttisthāḥ⁷ = immersed in lowest quality, [the lowest-quality-being in any state or condition or employment]; gacchhanti⁹ = go; adhaḥ⁸ = low [born as worms, birds, animals]. 14.18

14.18: They who are steadfast in Sattva go upward (to heaven); the Rajasic stay in the middle; and the Tamasic immersed in the meanest guna, go down or sink low.

नान्यं गुणेभ्यः कर्तारं यदा द्रष्टानुपश्यति ।

गुणेभ्यश्च परं वेत्ति मद्भावं सोऽधिगच्छति ॥१४- १९॥

nānyaṁ guṇebhyaḥ kartāraṁ yadā draṣṭānupaśyati
guṇebhyaś ca paraṁ vetti madbhāvaṁ sodhigacchhati 14.19

na anyam guṇebhyaḥ¹ kartāram² yadā³ draṣṭā⁴ anupaśyati⁵
guṇebhyaḥ⁶ ca⁷ param⁸ vetti⁹ madbhāvam¹⁰ saḥ¹¹ adhigacchhati¹² 14.19

yadā³ = When; draṣṭā⁴ = a Seer; anupaśyati⁵ = sees; na anyam guṇebhyaḥ¹ = none other than the three Gunas; [as] kartāram² = the agent; ca⁷ = and; vetti⁹ = knows; [that which is] param⁸ = Supreme; guṇebhyaḥ⁶ = to the Gunas/qualities; saḥ¹¹ = he; adhigacchhati¹² = attains; madbhāvam¹⁰ = My State.14.19

14.19: When the seer discovers no agent other than the Gunas, and knows that which is Supreme and beyond the Gunas, he attains to My state.

गुणानेतानतीत्य त्रीन्देही देहसमुद्भवान् ।

जन्ममृत्युजरादुःखैर्विमुक्तोऽमृतमश्नुते ॥१४- २०॥

guṇān etān atītya trīn dehī dehasamudbhavān
janmamṛtyujarāduḥkhair vimuktomṛtam aśnute 14.20

guṇān¹ etān² atītya³ trīn⁴ dehī⁵ deha-samudbhavān⁶
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhaiḥ⁷ vimuktaḥ⁸ amṛtam⁹ aśnute¹⁰ 14.20

atītya³ = Transcending; etān² = these; trīn⁴ = three; guṇān¹ = Gunas; [which] deha-samudbhavān⁶ = give rise to the body [body-giving birth to]; dehī⁵ = the embodied [soul]; vimuktaḥ⁸ = having become free; janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhaiḥ⁷ = from birth, death, old age, and sorrow; aśnute¹⁰ = attains/experiences; amṛtam⁹ = immortality.14.20

14.20: The embodied self transcends the three Gunas that give rise to the body and attains to immortality, having become free from birth, death, old age and sorrow.

अर्जुन उवाच

कैर्लिङ्गैस्त्रीन्गुणानेतानतीतो भवति प्रभो ।

किमाचारः कथं चैतांस्त्रीन्गुणानतिवर्तते ॥१४- २१॥

arjuna uvāca
kair liṅgais trīn guṇān etān atīto bhavati prabho
kimācāraḥ kathaṁ caitāṁs trīn guṇān ativartate 14.21

arjuna uvāca
kaiḥ¹ liṅgaiḥ² trīn³ guṇān⁴ etān⁵ atītaḥ⁶ bhavati⁷ prabho⁸
kim⁹ ācāraḥ¹⁰ katham¹¹ ca¹² etān¹³ trīn¹⁴ guṇān¹⁵ ativartate¹⁶ 14.21

arjuna uvāca = Arjuna said: kaiḥ¹ = by what; liṅgaiḥ² = marks/signs; [one is said to] atītaḥ⁶ = transcend; etān⁵ = these; trīn³ = three; guṇān⁴ = Gunas/qualities? kim⁹ = What; bhavati⁷ = is; [his] ācāraḥ¹⁰ = conduct; prabho⁸ = O Lord; ca¹² = and; katham¹¹ = how; [does he] ativartate¹⁶ = transcend; etān¹³ = these; trīn¹⁴ = three; guṇān¹⁵ = Gunas? 14.21

14.21: Arjuna said:

What are the marks of a man who transcended the three Gunas? What is his conduct? How (in what manner) does he transcend these three Gunas, O Lord?

श्रीभगवानुवाच

प्रकाशं च प्रवृत्तिं च मोहमेव च पाण्डव ।

न द्वेष्टि संप्रवृत्तानि न निवृत्तानि काङ्क्षति ॥१४- २२॥

śrībhagavān uvāca
prakāśaṁ ca pravṛttiṁ ca moham eva ca pāṇḍava
na dveṣṭi saṁpravṛttāni na nivṛttāni kāṅkṣati 14.22
śrībhagavān uvāca
prakāśam¹ ca² pravṛttim³ ca⁴ moham⁵ eva⁶ ca⁷ pāṇḍava⁸
na⁹ dveṣṭi¹⁰ sampravṛttāni¹¹ na¹² nivṛttāni¹³ kāṅkṣati¹⁴ 14.22

śrībhagavān uvāca = Sri bhagavan said; pāṇḍava⁸ = O Pandava; [he] na⁹ = neither; dveṣṭi¹⁰ = hates; prakāśam¹ = Light [knowledge]; ca² = and; pravṛttim³ = activity; ca⁴ = and; moham⁵ = delusion; eva⁶ = indeed; sampravṛttāni¹¹ = when they arise; ca⁷ = and; na¹² = nor; kāṅkṣati¹⁴ = desires; [for them, when they] nivṛttāni¹³ = disappear or cease to exist; 14.22

14.22: Sri Bhagavan said:

O Pandava, he, who hates illumination, activity, and delusion, neither when they arise, and desires for them nor when they cease (continued)

उदासीनवदासीनो गुणैर्यो न विचाल्यते ।

गुणा वर्तन्त इत्येव योऽवतिष्ठति नेङ्गते ॥१४- २३॥

udāsīnavad āsīno guṇair yo na vicālyate
guṇā vartanta ity eva yovatiṣṭhati neṅgate 14.23

udāsīnavat¹ āsīnaḥ² guṇaiḥ³ yaḥ⁴ na vicālyate⁵
guṇāḥ⁶ vartante⁷ iti⁸ eva⁹ yaḥ¹⁰ avatiṣṭhati¹¹ na iṅgate¹² 14.23

yaḥ⁴ = He who; āsīnaḥ² = is sitting; udāsīnavat¹ = indifferent to; guṇaiḥ³ = Gunas; na vicālyate⁵ = not perturbed; [knowing] guṇāḥ⁶ = Gunas; vartante⁷ = act; iti⁸ = thus; eva⁹ = surely; yaḥ¹⁰ = he; avatiṣṭhati¹¹ = remains firm; [and] na iṅgate¹² = does not waver... 14.23

14.23: He, who is sitting indifferent to these Gunas, unperturbed, and knowing the Gunas are in motion, remains firm and does not waver.

समदुःखसुखः स्वस्थः समलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनः ।

तुल्यप्रियाप्रियो धीरस्तुल्यनिन्दात्मसंस्तुतिः ॥१४- २४॥

samaduḥkhasukhaḥ svasthaḥ samaloṣṭāśmakāñcanaḥ
tulyapriyāpriyo dhīras tulyanindātmasaṁstutiḥ 14.24

sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ¹ svasthaḥ² sama-loṣṭa-aśma-kāñcanaḥ³
tulya-priya-apriyaḥ⁴ dhīraḥ⁵ tulya-nindā-ātma-saṁstutiḥ⁶ 14.24

sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ¹ = equal in sorrow and happiness; svasthaḥ² = abiding in his self; sama-loṣṭa-aśma-kāñcanaḥ³ = equal in regarding a clod, a stone and gold [= equal-clod-stone-gold]; tulya-priya-apriyaḥ⁴ = equal in regarding the desirable and the undesirable [equal-desirable-undesirable]; dhīraḥ⁵ = wise; tulya-nindā-ātma-saṁstutiḥ⁶ = equal in blame, and praise of him [equal-blame-self-praise]... 14.24

14.24: He, who is tranquil in pain and pleasure, abides in his own self, regards that a clod, a stone, and gold are equal; to whom the desirable and the undesirable are the same; who is wise; who is the same in blame and praise; and (continued)

मानापमानयोस्तुल्यस्तुल्यो मित्रारिपक्षयोः ।

सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी गुणातीतः स उच्यते ॥१४- २५॥

mānāpamānayos tulyas tulyo mitrāripakṣayoḥ
sarvārambhaparityāgī guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate 14.25

māna-apamānayoḥ¹ tulyaḥ² tulyaḥ³ mitra-ari-pakṣayoḥ⁴
sarva-ārambha-parityāgī⁵ guṇātītaḥ⁶ saḥ⁷ ucyate⁸ 14.25

[who is] tulyaḥ² = equal; māna-apamānayoḥ¹ = in honor and dishonor; tulyaḥ³ = equal; mitra-ari-pakṣayoḥ⁴ = to friends and foes; arva-ārambha-parityāgī⁵ = who has renounced all initiatives; saḥ⁷ = he; ucyate⁸ = is said to; guṇa-atītaḥ⁶ = transcend the Gunas. 14.25

14.25: He, who considers honor and dishonor equal; who regards friends and foes alike; and who abandons all (self-serving) initiatives, is said to transcend the Gunas.

मां च योऽव्यभिचारेण भक्तियोगेन सेवते ।

स गुणान्समतीत्यैतान्ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते ॥१४- २६॥

māṁ ca yovyabhicāreṇa bhaktiyogena sevate
sa guṇān samatītyaitān brahmabhūyāya kalpate 14.26

mām¹ ca² yah³ avyabhicāreṇa⁴ bhakti-yogena⁵ sevate⁶
saḥ⁷ guṇān⁸ samatītya⁹ etān¹⁰ brahma-bhūyāya¹¹ kalpate¹² 14.26

yah³ = Whoever; sevate⁶ = renders service; mām¹ = to Me; avyabhicāreṇa⁴ = with unswerving; bhakti-yogena⁵ = devotional service; ca² = and; samatītya⁹ = transcends completely; etān¹⁰ = these; guṇān⁸ = Gunas [qualities]; saḥ⁷ = he; kalpate¹² = is fit; brahma-bhūyāya¹¹ = to become Brahman. 14.26

14.26: He, who serves Me with unswerving Bhakti yoga (devotional service) and rises above all these gunas, becomes fit for the state of Brahman.

ब्रह्मणो हि प्रतिष्ठाहममृतस्याव्ययस्य च ।

शाश्वतस्य च धर्मस्य सुखस्यैकान्तिकस्य च ॥१४- २७॥

brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham amṛtasyāvyayasya ca
śāśvatasya ca dharmasya sukhasyaikāntikasya ca 14.27

brahmaṇaḥ¹ hi² pratiṣṭhā³ aham⁴ amṛtasya⁵ avyayasya⁶ ca⁷
śāśvatasya⁸ ca⁹ dharmasya¹⁰ sukhasya¹¹ aikāntikasya¹² ca¹³ 14.27

aham⁴ = I; [am] pratiṣṭhā³ = the abode; brahmaṇaḥ¹ = of Brahman; hi² = indeed; amṛtasya⁵ = of the immortal; avyayasya⁶ = of the imperishable/ the immutable; ca⁷ = and; śāśvatasya⁸ = of the eternal; ca⁹ = and; dharmasya¹⁰ = of Dharma/ righteousness; ca¹³ = and; aikāntikasya¹² = of absolute; sukhasya¹¹ = happiness or Bliss.14.27

14.27: I am the abode of Brahman, immortal and imperishable, and eternal dharma and absolute bliss.

End BG Chapter 14: The Three-Guna Psychology