Bhagavadgita Pages in English, Chapters 1 to 18
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V.Krishnaraj
BG Chapter 16: The Divine and the Demon
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श्रीभगवानुवाच अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिर्ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः । दानं दमश्च यज्ञश्च स्वाध्यायस्तप आर्जवम् ॥१६- १॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
śrībhagavān uvāca
śrībhagavān uvāca
= Sri Bhagavan said:
abhayam1
=
fearlessness;
sattva-saṁśuddhiḥ2
= purity of the mind;
jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitiḥ3
=
steadiness in Yoga of knowledge;
dānam4
= charity;
damaḥ5
= self-control
[of organs];
ca6
= and;
yajñaḥ7
= sacrifices;
ca8
= and;
svādhyāyaḥ9
= study of the
scriptures;
tapaḥ10
= austerity;
ārjavam10
= rectitude...
16.1 continued.
16.1:
Sri Bhagavan said:
Fearlessness, purity of
mind, steadiness in yoga of knowledge, charity, self-control,
sacrifice, study of scriptures, austerity, rectitude, Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधस्त्यागः शान्तिरपैशुनम् । दया भूतेष्वलोलुप्त्वं मार्दवं ह्रीरचापलम् ॥१६- २॥
ahiṁsā
satyam akrodhas tyāgaḥ
śāntir apaiśunam
ahiṁsā1
satyam2
akrodhaḥ3
tyāgaḥ4
śāntiḥ5
apaiśunam6
ahiṁsā1 = non-injury; satyam2 = truthfulness; akrodhaḥ3 = freedom from anger; tyāgaḥ4 = renunciation; śāntiḥ5 = tranquility; apaiśunam6 = abstaining from slander; dayā7 = compassion; bhūteṣu8 = to all creatures; aloluptvam9 = absence of greed; mārdavam10 = gentleness; hrīḥ11 = modesty; acāpalam12 = absence of agitation... 16.2 Continued...
16.2: Ahimsa, truthfulness, freedom from anger, renunciation, tranquillity, abstaining from slander, compassion to all creatures, absence of greed, gentleness, modesty, absence of fickleness (absence of agitation), Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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तेजः क्षमा धृतिः शौचमद्रोहो नातिमानिता । भवन्ति संपदं दैवीमभिजातस्य भारत ॥१६- ३॥
tejaḥ kṣamā
dhṛtiḥ śaucam adroho
nātimānitā
tejaḥ1
kṣamā2
dhṛtiḥ3
śaucam4
adrohaḥ5
na6
atimānitā7
tejaḥ1
= vigor;
kṣamā2
= forgiveness/patience;
dhṛtiḥ3
= fortitude;
śaucam4
= cleanliness;
adrohaḥ5
= absence of
malice;
na6
atimānitā7
= absence of great
haughtiness;
bhavanti8
= are;
abhijātasya11
= born of;
daivīm10
= divine;
sampadam9
= nature;
bhārata12
= O best of
Bharatas. 16.3
16.3:
vigor, forgiveness, fortitude, cleanliness,
absence of malice, and absence of
great haughtiness:
These are the qualities of the one born of divine nature, O Bharata. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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दम्भो दर्पोऽभिमानश्च क्रोधः पारुष्यमेव च । अज्ञानं चाभिजातस्य पार्थ संपदमासुरीम् ॥१६- ४॥
dambho darpobhimānaś ca
krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva ca
dambhaḥ1
darpaḥ2
bhimānaḥ3
ca4
krodhaḥ5
pāruṣyam6
eva7
ca8
dambhaḥ1
= Ostentation;
darpaḥ2
= arrogance;
bhimānaḥ3
=
self-conceit;
ca4
= and;
krodhaḥ5
= anger;
ca8=
also; pāruṣyam6
= rudeness/roughness;
ca10
= and;
ajñānam9
= ignorance;
[are]
eva7
= indeed;
abhijātasya11
= born of;
āsurīm14
= demonic;
sampadam13
= nature;
pārtha12
= O partha.
16.4 16.4: Ostentation, arrogance, self-conceit, anger, rudeness, and ignorance are the qualities of those born of demonic nature, O Partha. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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दैवी संपद्विमोक्षाय निबन्धायासुरी मता । मा शुचः संपदं दैवीमभिजातोऽसि पाण्डव ॥१६- ५॥
daivī saṁpad
vimokṣāya
nibandhāyāsurī matā
daivī1
sampat2
vimokṣāya3
nibandhāya4
āsurī5
matā6
daivī1
= Divine;
sampat2
= nature; [is]
vimokṣāya3
= for liberation;
āsurī5
= demonic;
matā6
= is intended;
nibandhāya4
= for bondage;
mā7
do not;
śucaḥ8
= grieve;
pāṇḍava13
= O Pandava;
asi12
= you are;
abhijātaḥ = born of;
daivīm10
= divine;
sampadam9
= nature.
16.5 16.5: Divine qualities lead to liberation, demonic to bondage. Do not grieve, O Pandava, you are born with divine qualities. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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द्वौ भूतसर्गौ लोकेऽस्मिन्दैव आसुर एव च । दैवो विस्तरशः प्रोक्त आसुरं पार्थ मे शृणु ॥१६- ६॥
dvau bhūtasargau lokesmin daiva āsura eva
ca
dvau1
bhūta-sargau2
loke3
asmin4
daiva5
āsuraḥ6
eva7
ca8
[There are]
dvau1
= two; [kinds of]
bhūta-sargau2
= created beings;
asmin4
= in this;
loke3
= world:
daiva5
= divine;
ca8
= and;
āsuraḥ6
= demonical:
eva7
= indeed;
daivaḥ9
= the divine;
proktaḥ11
= has been
spoken of;
vistaraśaḥ10
= expansively;
[now]
śṛṇu15
= hear; [about]
āsuram12
= the
demonical;
me14
= from me;
pārtha13
= O Partha.
16.6
16.6:
Two types of beings are created in this world, the divine and the
demonic. The divine have been described at length. Hear from Me about the
demonic, O Partha. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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प्रवृत्तिं च निवृत्तिं च जना न विदुरासुराः । न शौचं नापि चाचारो न सत्यं तेषु विद्यते ॥१६- ७॥
pravṛttiṁ
ca nivṛttiṁ ca janā na vidur āsurāḥ
pravṛttim1
ca2
nivṛttim3
ca4
janāḥ5
na6
viduḥ7
āsurāḥ8
āsurāḥ8
=
Demonical;
janāḥ5
= people;
na6
= do not;
viduḥ7
= know;
pravṛttim1
= appropriate
[permitted] action;
ca2
= and;
nivṛttim3
= prohibited
action;
ca4
= also;
na śaucam9
= neither purity;
ca11
=
and;
na api10
=
nor even;
ācāraḥ12
= good
behavior;
na satyam13
= nor
truthfulness;
vidyate15
= exist;
teṣu14
= in them. 16.7 16.7: People of demonic nature do not know appropriate action and prohibited action. In them, there is neither purity , nor good behavior, nor truthfulness. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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असत्यमप्रतिष्ठं ते जगदाहुरनीश्वरम् । अपरस्परसंभूतं किमन्यत्कामहैतुकम् ॥१६- ८॥
asatyam apratiṣṭhaṁ
te jagad āhur anīśvaram
asatyam1
apratiṣṭham2
te3
jagat4
āhuḥ5
anīśvaram6
te3
= They [the
Demonic and the Lokayātikas];
āhuḥ5
= say;
jagat4
= world; [is]
asatyam1
= unreal;
apratiṣṭham2
= without
basis;
anīśvaram6
=
without Controller or God;
aparaspara7
= without
[primordial] cause;
sambhūtam8
=
born of union between male and
female.
kim anyat8
= what other [cause is possible]; [except]
kāma-haitukam9
= lust-cause [sexual union]?
16.8 Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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एतां दृष्टिमवष्टभ्य नष्टात्मानोऽल्पबुद्धयः । प्रभवन्त्युग्रकर्माणः क्षयाय जगतोऽहिताः ॥१६- ९॥
etāṁ dṛṣṭim
avaṣṭabhya
naṣṭātmānolpabuddhayaḥ
etām1
dṛṣṭim2
avaṣṭabhya3
naṣṭa-ātmānaḥ4
alpa-buddhayaḥ5
avaṣṭabhya3
= Holding;
etām1
= this;
dṛṣṭim2
= view;
naṣṭa-ātmānaḥ4
= lost
souls;
alpa-buddhayaḥ5
= of
meager intelligence; [and]
ugrakarmāṇaḥ6
= violent
actions;
prabhavanti6
= become
strong; [and] ahitāḥ9
= harmful; [causing]
kṣayāya7
= destruction;
jagataḥ8
= of the
world. 16.9 16.9: Holding this view, the lost souls of meager intelligence and violent actions become strong and harmful causing destruction of the world. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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काममाश्रित्य दुष्पूरं दम्भमानमदान्विताः । मोहाद्गृहीत्वासद्ग्राहान्प्रवर्तन्तेऽशुचिव्रताः ॥१६- १०॥
kāmam āśritya duṣpūraṁ
dambhamānamadānvitāḥ
kāmam1
āśritya2
duṣpūram3
dambha4A-māna4B-mada4C-anvitāḥ4D
āśritya2 = given to; duṣpūram3 = insatiable; kāmam1 = lust; dambha4A-māna4B-mada4C-anvitāḥ4D = endowed with4D ostentation4A, pride4B, [and] arrogance4C; mohāt5 = due to delusion; gṛhītvā6 = pursuing; asad-grāhān7 = false premises; [they] pravartante8 = undertake; aśuci-vratāḥ9 = impure vows.16.10
16.10: Given to insatiable lust, endowed with ostentation, pride, arrogance due to delusion and pursuing false premises, they undertake impure vows. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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चिन्तामपरिमेयां च प्रलयान्तामुपाश्रिताः । कामोपभोगपरमा एतावदिति निश्चिताः ॥१६- ११॥
cintām
aparimeyāṁ ca pralayāntām upāśritāḥ
cintām1
aparimeyām2
ca3
pralayāntām4
upāśritāḥ5
upāśritāḥ5
= Clinging to;
aparimeyām2
=
immeasurable/innumerable;
cintām1
= cares;
pralayāntām4
= until death;
ca3
= and;
kāma-upabhoga-paramāḥ6
= having sense
indulgence as the supreme goal; [they]
niścitāḥ9
= determined;
etāvat7
= so far;
iti8
= thus.16.11
16.11: Clinging to the immeasurable cares
until death, having sense indulgence as the supreme goal, thus they
determined that this is all. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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आशापाशशतैर्बद्धाः कामक्रोधपरायणाः । ईहन्ते कामभोगार्थमन्यायेनार्थसञ्चयान् ॥१६- १२॥
āśāpāśaśatair baddhāḥ
kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ
āśā-pāśa-śataiḥ1
baddhāḥ2
kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ3
baddhāḥ2 = Bound by; āśā-pāśa-śataiḥ1 = hundreds of fetters of hope; [hope-bonds-hundreds]; kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ3 = taking refuge in passion and anger [passion-anger-taking refuge]; īhante4 = they strive for; artha-sañcayān7 = wealth accumulation; anyāyena6 = by unjust means; kāma-bhoga-artham5 = for the enjoyment of sense objects [passion-enjoyment- sense objects]. 16.12
16.12:
Bound by hundreds of fetters of hope, taking refuge in lust and
anger, they strive to accumulate illegal wealth for gratifying their
desires. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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इदमद्य मया लब्धमिमं प्राप्स्ये मनोरथम् । इदमस्तीदमपि मे भविष्यति पुनर्धनम् ॥१६- १३॥
idam adya mayā labdham imaṁ
prāpsye manoratham
idam1
adya2
mayā3
labdham4
imam5
prāpsye6
manoratham7
[He thinks as follows:]
adya2
= today;
idam1
= this;
labdham4
= was gained;
mayā3
= by me;
prāpsye6
= I shall
gain;
imam5
= this;
manoratham7
= object desired by my mind;
asti9
= there is;
idam8
= this;
idam10
= this;
api11
= also; [is]
me = mine;
dhanam15
= riches;
bhaviṣyati13
= will come;
punaḥ14
= again. 16.13 16.13: “I gained this today.” “I will fulfill this desire (tomorrow).” “I have this wealth.” “Moreover, I am going to gain this later.” "Riches will come to me again." Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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असौ मया हतः शत्रुर्हनिष्ये चापरानपि । ईश्वरोऽहमहं भोगी सिद्धोऽहं बलवान्सुखी ॥१६- १४॥
asau mayā hataḥ
śatruḥ haniṣye ca aparān api
asau1
mayā2
hataḥ3
śatruḥ4
haniṣye5
ca6
aparān7
api8
asau1
= That;
śatruḥ4
= foe;
hataḥ3
= has been
killed; mayā2
= by me;
ca6
= and;
haniṣye5
= I shall destroy;
aparān7
= others;
api8
= indeed;
aham10
= I am;
īśvaraḥ9
= God;
aham11
= I am;
bhogī12
= the
experiencer/enjoyer;
aham14
= I am;
siddhaḥ13
= perfect;
balavān15
= strong;
[and]
sukhī16
= happy. 16.14
16.14:
“I killed this enemy.”
“I shall kill others too.” “I am the Lord.” “ I am the enjoyer.” “I am
perfect, strong, and happy.” Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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आढ्योऽभिजनवानस्मि कोऽन्योऽस्ति सदृशो मया । यक्ष्ये दास्यामि मोदिष्य इत्यज्ञानविमोहिताः ॥१६- १५॥
āḍhyobhijanavān asmi konyosti sadṛśo mayā
āḍhyaḥ1
abhijanavān2
asmi3
kaḥ
anyaḥ
asti4
sadṛśaḥ5
mayā6
āḍhyaḥ1
= I am wealthy;
abhijanavān2
= I am high-born;
asmi3
= I am;
kaḥ
anyaḥ
asti4
= who-else-is there;
sadṛśaḥ5
= similar;
mayā6
= to me;
yakṣye7
= I will offer sacrifices;
dāsyāmi8
= I shall give;
modiṣye9
= I shall be full of joy;
iti10
= thus; [thinks the one with]
ajñāna-vimohitāḥ11
= ignorance-delusion. 16.15 Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अनेकचित्तविभ्रान्ता मोहजालसमावृताः । प्रसक्ताः कामभोगेषु पतन्ति नरकेऽशुचौ ॥१६- १६॥
anekacittavibhrāntā
mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ
aneka-citta-vibhrāntāḥ1
moha-jāla-samāvṛtāḥ2
aneka-citta-vibhrāntāḥ1
= Disoriented by many thoughts [many-thoughts-bewildered by];
moha-jāla-samāvṛtāḥ2
= tangled in
the net of delusion [delusion-net-tangled in];
prasaktāḥ3
= engaged in;
kāma-bhogeṣu4
= enjoyment of sensual
desires; [they]
patanti5
= fall;
aśucau7narake6
= into unclean hell. 16.16 Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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आत्मसंभाविताः स्तब्धा धनमानमदान्विताः । यजन्ते नामयज्ञैस्ते दम्भेनाविधिपूर्वकम् ॥१६- १७॥
ātmasaṁbhāvitāḥ
stabdhā dhanamānamadānvitāḥ
ātma-sambhāvitāḥ1
stabdhā2
dhana-māna-mada-anvitāḥ3
ātma-sambhāvitāḥ1
= Self-conceited;
stabdhā2
= arrogant;
dhana-māna-mada-anvitāḥ3
= possessed of
wealth, pride and delusion [wealth-pride-delusion-possessed of];
te6
= they;
yajante4
= perform
sacrifices;
nāma-yajñaiḥ5
= sacrifices in name only;
dambhena7
= with vanity;
avidhi-pūrvakam8
= devoid of sacred
injunctions.16.17 Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अहंकारं बलं दर्पं कामं क्रोधं च संश्रिताः । मामात्मपरदेहेषु प्रद्विषन्तोऽभ्यसूयकाः ॥१६- १८॥
ahaṁkāraṁ balaṁ darpaṁ kāmaṁ
krodhaṁ ca saṁśritāḥ
ahaṅkāram1
balam2
darpam3
kāmam4
krodham5
ca6
saṁśritāḥ7
saṁśritāḥ7
= Engaged in;
ahaṅkāram1
balam2
darpam3
kāmam4
ca6
krodham5
=
egoism, strength, pride, lust, and anger;
abhyasūyakāḥ11
= the jealous or the
envious; pradviṣantaḥ10
= hate;
mām8
= Me;
[abiding]
ātma-para-deheṣu9
=
in their own and other's bodies [as the
Inner Abider]. 16.18
16.18:
Immersed in their ego, strength, pride, lust, and anger, these
jealous and indignant people hate Me residing in their own and others'
bodies. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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तानहं द्विषतः क्रुरान्संसारेषु नराधमान् । क्षिपाम्यजस्रमशुभानासुरीष्वेव योनिषु ॥१६- १९॥
tān ahaṁ dviṣataḥ krurān
saṁsāreṣu narādhamān
tān1
aham2
dviṣataḥ3
krurān4
saṁsāreṣu5
nar-adhamān6
tān1 = Those; [who are] dviṣataḥ3 = hateful; krurān4 = cruel; aśubhān9 = the inauspicious; nar-adhamān6 = the lowest of men; saṁsāreṣu5 = in the worlds; aham2 = I; kṣipāmi7 = throw; [them] ajasram8 = for ever; āsurīṣu10 yoniṣu12 = into the demonic wombs; eva11 = indeed. 16.19
Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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आसुरीं योनिमापन्ना मूढा जन्मनि जन्मनि । मामप्राप्यैव कौन्तेय ततो यान्त्यधमां गतिम् ॥१६- २०॥
āsurīṁ
yonim āpannā mūḍhā janmanijanmani
āsurīm1
yonim2
āpannāḥ3
mūḍhāḥ4
janmani-janmani5
16.20:
Fallen into the demonic wombs birth after birth, the fools never
reach me, O Kaunteya, and go to the lowest state. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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त्रिविधं नरकस्येदं द्वारं नाशनमात्मनः । कामः क्रोधस्तथा लोभस्तस्मादेतत्त्रयं त्यजेत् ॥१६- २१॥
trividhaṁ narakasyedaṁ dvāraṁ
nāśanam ātmanaḥ
trividham1
narakasya2
idam3
dvāram4
nāśanam5
ātmanaḥ6
idam3 = This; dvāram4 = gate; narakasya2 = of hell; nāśanam5 = the annihilator; ātmanaḥ6 = of the self or soul; [is of] trividham1 = three kinds: kāmaḥ7 = lust; krodhaḥ8 = anger; tathā9 = also; lobhaḥ10 = greed; tasmāt11 = therefore; etat12 = these; trayam13 = three; [should be] tyajet14 = given up. 16.21
16.21:
Three kinds of hell, the destructive gates (dvāram)
of atma (Jeevatma) are lust, anger, and greed,
and therefore one must give up these three. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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एतैर्विमुक्तः कौन्तेय तमोद्वारैस्त्रिभिर्नरः । आचरत्यात्मनः श्रेयस्ततो याति परां गतिम् ॥१६- २२॥
etair vimuktaḥ
kaunteya tamodvārais tribhir naraḥ
etaiḥ1
vimuktaḥ2
kaunteya3
tamaḥ-dvāraiḥ4
tribhiḥ5
naraḥ6
kaunteya3 = O Kaunteya; vimuktaḥ2 = liberated; etaiḥ1 = from these; tribhiḥ5 = three; tamaḥ-dvāraiḥ4 = gates to darkness; naraḥ6 = a person; ācarati7 = does strive; śreyaḥ9 = for the good; ātmanaḥ8 = of the soul; tataḥ10 = thereby; yāti11 = he obtains; parām gatim12 = Supreme Goal. 16.22
16.22:
Released from these three gates of darkness, O Kaunteya, this person does what is good
for his soul and therefore goes to the Supreme state. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यः शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य वर्तते कामकारतः । न स सिद्धिमवाप्नोति न सुखं न परां गतिम् ॥१६- २३॥
yaḥ śāstravidhim utsṛjya
vartate kāmakārataḥ
yaḥ1
śāstra-vidhim2
utsṛjya3
vartate4
kāma-kārataḥ5
yaḥ1
= He;
utsṛjya3
= having abandoned;
śāstra-vidhim2
= scriptural injunctions; vartate4
= acts;
kāma-kārataḥ5
= under
the dictates of desires;
saḥ7
= he;
avāpnoti9
= attains;
na6
= neither;
siddhim8
= perfection;
na sukham10
= nor happiness;
na parām gatim11
= nor the Supreme State.16.23
16.23:
Anyone giving up scriptural injunctions acts according to (the
dictates of) his desires will attain neither perfection, nor happiness nor
the Supreme state. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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तस्माच्छास्त्रं प्रमाणं ते कार्याकार्यव्यवस्थितौ । ज्ञात्वा शास्त्रविधानोक्तं कर्म कर्तुमिहार्हसि ॥१६- २४॥
tasmāc
chāstraṁ pramāṇaṁ te kāryākāryavyavasthitau
tasmāt1
śāstram2
pramāṇam3
te4
kārya-akārya-vyavasthitau5
tasmāt1 = Therefore; [let] śāstram2 = sacred texts; [be] te4 = your; pramāṇam3 = authority; kārya-akārya-vyavasthitau5 = in the determination of sanctioned action and prohibited action [san.action-proh.action-determination]. [After] jñātvā6 = knowing; śāstra-vidhāna-uktam7= the sayings of Sastric injunctions [Sastras-injunctions- sayings]; arhasi11 = you should; kartum9 = perform; karma8 = action; iha10 = here [in this world]. 16.24
16.24: Therefore, let sāstra be your authority in knowing the difference between proper and prohibited action. Know the declared scriptural precepts and do your work (accordingly in this world). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
End BG Chapter 16: The Divine and the Demon