Bhagavadgita Pages in English, Chapters 1 to 18
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V.Krishnaraj
BG Chapter 18:
Renunciation and Liberation
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अर्जुन उवाच संन्यासस्य महाबाहो तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम् । त्यागस्य च हृषीकेश पृथक्केशिनिषूदन ॥१८- १॥
arjuna uvāca
arjuna
uvāca
arjuna uvāca = Arjuna said: mahābāho2 = O mighty-armed one; hṛṣīkeśa9 = O Killer of Demon Kesi; icchāmi4 = I desire; veditum5 = to know; tattvam3 = the truth; sannyāsasya1 = of asceticism or renunciation; ca7 = and; tyāgasya6 = of Tyaga; pṛthak9 = severally [one by one, individually and comparatively = compare and contrast ]; keśi-niṣūdana10 = O Killer of Demon Kesi. 18.1
18.1 Arjuna said:
I wish (or desire) to know the Truth about
Sannyāsa and Tyāga
and the difference (thereof), O Mahabaho, O Kesi-nisūdana. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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श्रीभगवानुवाच काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं संन्यासं कवयो विदुः । सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणाः ॥१८- २॥
śrībhagavān
uvāca
śrībhagavān uvāca
śrībhagavān uvāca = Sri Bhagavan said: kavayaḥ5 = the learned; viduḥ6 = know; sannyāsam4 = renunciation; [is] nyāsam3 = renunciation; karmaṇām2 = of actions; kāmyānām1 = attached to desire; vicakṣaṇāḥ10 = the wise (the experienced); prāhuḥ8 = declare; tyāgam9 = Tyaga; [is] sarva7A-karma7B-phala7C-tyāgam7D = giving up7D the fruits7C of all7A actions7B.18.2
18.2:
Sri Bhagavan said:
The seer knows that sannyāsa is renunciation
of work attached to desires. The wise declare Tyāga as renouncing the fruits
of all actions. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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त्याज्यं दोषवदित्येके कर्म प्राहुर्मनीषिणः । यज्ञदानतपःकर्म न त्याज्यमिति चापरे ॥१८- ३॥
tyājyaṁ doṣavad
ity eke karma prāhur manīṣiṇaḥ
tyājyam1
doṣavat2
iti3
eke4
karma5
prāhuḥ6
manīṣiṇaḥ7
eke4
= Some;
manīṣiṇaḥ7
= wise men;
prāhuḥ6
= say or declare;
karma5
= work or
action;
doṣavat2
= laden with evil;
iti3
tyājyam1
= should be
renounced1
thus3;
ca12
= and;
apare13
= others; [say]
yajña8A-dāna8B-tapaḥ8C-karma8D
= acts8D
of sacrifice8A,
charity8B
& penance8C;
[should] na9
tyājyam10
= not be
relinquished; iti11
= thus.18.3 18.3: Some wise men say that all work is evil and should be renounced, while others say that acts of sacrifice, charity, and penance should not be relinquished. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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निश्चयं शृणु मे तत्र त्यागे भरतसत्तम । त्यागो हि पुरुषव्याघ्र त्रिविधः संप्रकीर्तितः ॥१८- ४॥ niścayaṁ śṛṇ u me tatra tyāge bharatasattamatyāgo hi puruṣavyāghra trividhaḥ saṁprakīrtitaḥ 18.4
niścayam1
śṛṇu2
me3
tatra4
tyāge5
bharata-sattama6
bharata-sattama6 = O the Best of Bharatas; niścayam1 = certainly; śṛṇu2 = hear; me3 = from Me; tatra4 = with regards to; tyāge5 = renunciation; tyāgaḥ7 = renunciation; hi8 = indeed; puruṣa-vyāghra8 = O tiger among men; saṁprakīrtitaḥ10 = is declared to be; trividhaḥ9 = of three kinds. 18.4
Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यज्ञदानतपःकर्म न त्याज्यं कार्यमेव तत् । यज्ञो दानं तपश्चैव पावनानि मनीषिणाम् ॥१८- ५॥
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyaṁ
kāryam eva tat
yajña1
dāna2
tapaḥ3
karma4
na5
tyājyam6
kāryam7
eva8
tat9
karma4
= Acts; [of]
yajña1
=sacrifice;
dāna2
18.5:
Acts of sacrifice, charity, and penance should not be renounced and
must be done. Sacrifice, charity, and penance purify the wise. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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एतान्यपि तु कर्माणि सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा फलानि च । कर्तव्यानीति मे पार्थ निश्चितं मतमुत्तमम् ॥१८- ६॥
etāny api tu karmāṇi
saṅgaṁ tyaktvā phalāni ca
etāni1
api2
tu3
karmāṇi4
saṅgam5
tyaktvā6
phalāni7
ca8
tu3
= But;
etāni1
= these; karmāṇi4
= actions;
api2
= indeed; kartavyāni9
= should be performed; tyaktvā6
= by renouncing;
saṅgam5
= attached; phalāni7
= fruits; ca8=
and; iti10
= thus; [it is]
me11
= My;
niścitam13
=
firm/decided/entrenched; [and]
uttamam15
= the best/the
highest;
matam14
= opinion;
pārtha12
= O Partha.18.6
18.6: All actions should be performed renouncing the attached fruits. It is thus My decided (considered) and best opinion, O Partha. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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नियतस्य तु संन्यासः कर्मणो नोपपद्यते । मोहात्तस्य परित्यागस्तामसः परिकीर्तितः ॥१८- ७॥
niyatasya tu saṁnyāsaḥ karmaṇo
nopapadyate
niyatasya1
tu2
saṁnyāsaḥ3
karmaṇaḥ4
na5
upapadyate6
tu2 = But; saṁnyāsaḥ3 = renunciation; niyatasya1 = of prescribed/obligatory; karmaṇaḥ4 = acts/duty; [is] na5 = not; upapadyate6 = proper. parityāgaḥ9 = renunciation; tasya8 = of them [obligatory acts]; mohāt7 = because of delusion; parikīrtitaḥ11 = is said to be; tāmasaḥ10 = due to ignorance.18.7
18.7:
Renunciation of prescribed duty is improper. Renunciation because of
illusion is (said to be) due to Tamas or ignorance. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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दुःखमित्येव यत्कर्म कायक्लेशभयात्त्यजेत् । स कृत्वा राजसं त्यागं नैव त्यागफलं लभेत् ॥१८- ८॥
duḥkham
ity eva yat karma kāyakleśabhayāt tyajet
duḥkham1
iti2
eva3
yat4
karma5
kāya-kleśa-bhayāt6
tyajet7
yat4 = Whatever; karma5 = work; tyajet7 = one renounces; iti2 eva3 = thus indeed from [on account of'] duḥkham1 = difficulty; [and] kāya-kleśa-bhayāt6 = for fear of bodily pain; saḥ8 = he; kṛtvā9 = having done; rājasam tyāgam10 = renunciation based on passion; na11 = does not; eva12 = indeed; labhet14 = gain; tyāga-phalam13 = the fruits of renunciation 18.8
18.8:
He, who renounces his work because of difficulty and for fear of
bodily pain, does not gain the fruits of Tyāga by doing Rajasic Tyāga or
renunciation. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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कार्यमित्येव यत्कर्म नियतं क्रियतेऽर्जुन । सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा फलं चैव स त्यागः सात्त्विको मतः ॥१८- ९॥
kāryam ity eva
yat karma niyataṁ kriyaterjuna
kāryam1
iti2
eva3
yat4
karma5
niyatam6
kriyate7
arjuna8
yat4 = Whatever; niyatam6 = obligatory; karma5 = action/duty; kriyate7 = is done; iti2 = thus; eva3 = indeed; [is] kāryam1 = prescribed duty; arjuna8= O Arjuna; tyaktvā10 = giving up; saṅgam9 = attachment; ca12 = and; phalam11 = fruits; saḥ14 = that; eva13 = indeed; mataḥ17 = is regarded; sāttvikaḥ16 = Sattvic; tyāgaḥ15 = renunciation.18.9
18.9:
When he does the prescribed duty, that ought to be done, O Arjuna,
giving up the attachment and the fruits, in My opinion, is sattvic Tyāga or
renunciation. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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न द्वेष्ट्यकुशलं कर्म कुशले नानुषज्जते । त्यागी सत्त्वसमाविष्टो मेधावी छिन्नसंशयः ॥१८- १०॥
na dveṣṭy
akuśalaṁ karma kuśale
nānuṣajjate
na1
dveṣṭi2
akuśalam3
karma4
kuśale5
na6
anuṣajjate7
[He who]
na1
= neither;
dveṣṭi2
= hates;
akuśalam3
=
disagreeable;
karma4
= action;
na6
= nor;
anuṣajjate7
= is attached to;
kuśale5
= agreeable;
[action] [is]
tyāgī8
= a renouncer;
samāviṣṭaḥ10
= full of;
sattva9
= Sattva/goodness;
medhāvī11
= a wise man;
chinna12
= having cut off;
saṁśayaḥ13
= doubts.
18.10 18.10: He, who neither hates disagreeable action nor is attached to agreeable action, is a sattvika, a Tyagi, and a wise man, having cut off all doubts. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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न हि देहभृता शक्यं त्यक्तुं कर्माण्यशेषतः । यस्तु कर्मफलत्यागी स त्यागीत्यभिधीयते ॥१८- ११॥
na hi dehabhṛtā
śakyaṁ tyaktuṁ karmāṇy
aśeṣataḥ
na1
hi2
deha-bhṛtā3
śakyam4
tyaktum5
karmāṇi6
aśeṣataḥ7
[It is] na1 = never; hi2 = indeed; śakyam4 = possible; [for] deha-bhṛtā3 = the corporeal being; [to] tyaktum5 = renounce; karmāṇi6 = actions; aśeṣataḥ7= entirely; tu9 = but; yaḥ8 = whoever; karma10A-phala10B-tyāgī10C = renounces10C fruits10B of actions10A; saḥ11 = he; abhidhīyate14 = is said to be; iti13 = thus; tyāgi12 = the renouncer. 18.11
18.11: It is certainly never possible for the embodied one to renounce all actions. However, anyone renouncing the fruit of work is (said to be) a Tyagi. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अनिष्टमिष्टं मिश्रं च त्रिविधं कर्मणः फलम् । भवत्यत्यागिनां प्रेत्य न तु संन्यासिनां क्वचित् ॥१८- १२॥
aniṣṭam
iṣṭaṁ miśraṁ ca trividhaṁ
karmaṇaḥ phalam
aniṣṭam1
iṣṭam2
miśram3
ca4
trividham5
karmaṇaḥ6
phalam7
aniṣṭam1 = The undesirable (hell); iṣṭam2 = the desirable (gods); ca4 = and; miśram3 = mixed (humans): trividham5 = three kinds; [of] phalam7 = fruits/results; karmaṇaḥ6 = of actions; [that] bhavati8 = happen; pretya10 = after death; atyāginām9 = to the non-renouncer; tu12 = but; na11 = not; sannyāsinām13 = to the Sannyasis or renouncers; kvacit14 = at any time. 18.12
18.12:
The desirable, the undesirable, and the mixed are the three kinds of
fruits of work that come after death for the Atyagi but not for the Tyagi. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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पञ्चैतानि महाबाहो कारणानि निबोध मे । सांख्ये कृतान्ते प्रोक्तानि सिद्धये सर्वकर्मणाम् ॥१८- १३॥
pañcaitāni mahābāho kāraṇāni
nibodha me
pañca1
etāni2
mahābāho3
kāraṇāni4
nibodha5
me6
nibodha5 = Learn; me6 = from Me; mahābāho3 = O Mighty-armed one; etāni2 = these; pañca1 = five; kāraṇāni4 = factors/causes; siddhaye10 = for fulfillment; sarva-karmaṇām11 = of all actions; proktāni9 = as said; sāṁkhye7 = in Samkhya doctrinal; kṛtānte8 = conclusions. 18.13
18.13:
Learn from Me O Mahā-Bāho, these five factors/causes for fulfillment
of all actions as stated in the Samkhya doctrinal conclusions (Sānkhye-krtānte). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अधिष्ठानं तथा कर्ता करणं च पृथग्विधम् । विविधाश्च पृथक्चेष्टा दैवं चैवात्र पञ्चमम् ॥१८- १४॥
adhiṣṭhānaṁ tathā kartā
karaṇaṁ ca pṛthagvidham
adhiṣṭhānam1
tathā2
kartā3
karaṇam4
ca5
pṛthak6
vidham7
adhiṣṭhānam1 = The place (the body); tathā2 = also; kartā3 = the doer/the agent/the experiencer/the enjoyer; pṛthak6 = different; vidham7= kinds; karaṇam4 = of the organs/instruments; ca5 = and; vividhāḥ8 = various; ca9 = and; pṛthak10 = different; ceṣṭāḥ11 = efforts; ca13 = and; eva14 = indeed; daivam12 = divinity; [are] atra15 = here; pañcamam16 = the fifth. 18.14 (the body1, the doer2, the organs3, efforts4 and divinity5)
18.14:
The body, also the agent or the doer, the organs of various kinds,
various and separate efforts, and the divinity the fifth are also here. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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शरीरवाङ्मनोभिर्यत्कर्म प्रारभते नरः । न्याय्यं वा विपरीतं वा पञ्चैते तस्य हेतवः ॥१८- १५॥
śarīravāṅmanobhir
yat karma prārabhate naraḥ
śarīra-vāṅ-manobhiḥ1
yat2
karma3
prārabhate4
naraḥ5
yat2 = Which [whatever]; karma3 = action; naraḥ5 = man; prārabhate4 = performs/does; śarīra-vāṅ-manobhiḥ1 = by body, speech and mind; nyāyyam6 = proper; vā7 = or; tasya12 = its; viparītam8 vā9 = opposite/reverse/contrary/perverse; ete11 = these; pañca10 = five; [are] hetavaḥ13 = the causes.18.15
18.15:
Whether karma is done in a proper or perverse manner (right or
wrong), a man does it by his body, speech and mind; these are its five
primary causes.
Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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तत्रैवं सति कर्तारमात्मानं केवलं तु यः । पश्यत्यकृतबुद्धित्वान्न स पश्यति दुर्मतिः ॥१८- १६॥
tatraivaṁ sati kartāram
ātmānaṁ kevalaṁ tu yaḥ
tatra1
evam2
sati3
kartāram4
ātmānam5
kevalam6
tu7
yaḥ8
tu7 = But; tatra1 evam2 sati3 = that being so; yaḥ8 = he; paśyati9 = sees; kevalam6 = the pure; ātmānam5 = his own Self; kartāram4 = As the doer; saḥ12 = he; akṛta-buddhitvāt10 = due to lack of intelligence; na11 = never; paśyati13 = sees; [ and thus he is] durmatiḥ14 = one with perverse intellect. 18.16
18.16: He sees his own pure “Self” as the [sole] doer or agent due to lack of intelligence. Thus, this ignoramus never sees or perceives. (The ego is the doer; agent is one among the five entities. The pure self is not the agent.) Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यस्य नाहंकृतो भावो बुद्धिर्यस्य न लिप्यते । हत्वापि स इमाँल्लोकान्न हन्ति न निबध्यते ॥१८- १७॥
yasya nāhaṁkṛto
bhāvo buddhir yasya na lipyate
yasya1
na2
ahaṅkṛtaḥ3
bhāvaḥ4
buddhiḥ5
yasya6
na7
lipyate8
yasya1 = He who; na2 = does not; [have] bhāvaḥ4 = the state of mind; [of] ahaṅkṛtaḥ3 = doership; yasya6 = whose; buddhiḥ5 = intelligence; [is] na7 = not; lipyate8= attached or tainted; api10 = even; hatvā9 = by killing; imān12 = these; lokān13 = beings; saḥ11 = he; na14 = does not; hanti15 = kill; na16 = nor; nibadhyate17 = is bound.18.17
18.17:
He who is free from doership or ego, whose intelligence is not
tainted, though he kills in this world, never kills and is never bound (by
his killing). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं परिज्ञाता त्रिविधा कर्मचोदना । करणं कर्म कर्तेति त्रिविधः कर्मसंग्रहः ॥१८- १८॥
jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ parijñātā
trividhā karmacodanā
jñānam1
jñeyam2
parijñātā3
trividhā4
karma-codanā5
jñānam1 = Knowledge; jñeyam2 = object of knowledge; [and] parijñātā3 = the knower; [are] trividhā4 = three kinds; [of] karma-codanā5 = impeller to action. karaṇam6 = The sense organs; karma7 = the action; [and] karta8 = the doer; iti9 = thus; [are] trividhaḥ10 = three kinds; karma-saṅgrahaḥ11 = components of action [forming the aggregate].18.18
18.18: Knowledge, object of knowledge, and the knower are the three kinds of stimulus (impelling) to action. The sense organs, the action, and the doer are the threefold confluence of action. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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ज्ञानं कर्म च कर्ता च त्रिधैव गुणभेदतः । प्रोच्यते गुणसंख्याने यथावच्छृणु तान्यपि ॥१८- १९॥
jñānaṁ karma ca kartā ca
tridhaiva guṇabhedataḥ
jñānam1
karma2
ca3
kartā4
ca5
tridhā6
eva7
guṇa-bhedataḥ8
18.19:
Jnāna, karma, and kartā are threefold, according to the difference in
Gunas as stated in the science of Gunas of Sankhya doctrine. Hear it
rightly. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सर्वभूतेषु येनैकं भावमव्ययमीक्षते । अविभक्तं विभक्तेषु तज्ज्ञानं विद्धि सात्त्विकम् ॥१८- २०॥
sarvabhūteṣu
yenaikaṁ bhāvam avyayam
īkṣate
sarvabhūteṣu1
yena2
ekam3
bhāvam4
avyayam5
īkṣate6
īkṣate6 = One sees; sarvabhūteṣu1 = all beings; [in] ekam3 = One; avyayam5 = imperishable; bhāvam4 = Being; yena2 = by which; [that Being remains] avibhaktam7 = undivided; vibhakteṣu8 = in the divided; viddhi11 = know; tat9 = that; jñānam10 = knowledge; [is] sāttvikam12 = goodness.18.20
18.20:
That is knowledge, by which “One” Being is seen in all beings as the
Imperishable and the Undivided in the divided. Know that knowledge is
Sattva. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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पृथक्त्वेन तु यज्ज्ञानं नानाभावान्पृथग्विधान् । वेत्ति सर्वेषु भूतेषु तज्ज्ञानं विद्धि राजसम् ॥१८- २१॥
pṛthaktvena
tu yaj jñānaṁ nānābhāvān
pṛthagvidhān
pṛthaktvena1
tu2
yat3
jñānam4
nānā-bhāvān5
pṛthagvidhān6
tu2 = But; jñānam4 = knowledge; yat3 = which; vetti7 = knows or sees; sarveṣu8 = among all; bhūteṣu9 = beings; pṛthaktvena1 = because of separateness or individuality; nānā-bhāvān5 = distinct nature; [and] pṛthagvidhān6 = diverse condition; viddhi12 = know; tat10 = that; jñānam11 = knowledge; [comes] rājasam13 = from Rajas.18.21 Rajas: The principle of motion, activity and disharmony constituent of Prakrti.
18.21:
The knowledge by which one sees manifold divisions among all beings
because of their separateness (individuality), distinct nature and diverse
condition, know that knowledge is Rajas. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यत्तु कृत्स्नवदेकस्मिन्कार्ये सक्तमहैतुकम् । अतत्त्वार्थवदल्पं च तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१८- २२॥
yat tu kṛtsnavad
ekasmin kārye saktam ahetukam
yat1
tu2
kṛtsnavat3
ekasmin4
kārye5
saktam6
ahaitukam7
tu2 = But; tat11 = that; udāhṛtam13 = is said to be; tāmasam12 = of the nature of Tamas; yat1 = which is; saktam6 = clinging/attached; ekasmin4 = to one; kārye5 = act; kṛtsnavat3 = as if it were the whole; ahaitukam7 = without regard to the cause; ca10 = and; a-tattva-artha-vat8 = without regard to knowledge of the Reality or Truth; [and therefore] alpam9 = is frivolous. 18.22
18.22:
Tamas holds to a single act as if it were the whole, without regard
to the cause, and knowledge of the Reality or Truth and therefore, is
frivolous. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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नियतं सङ्गरहितमरागद्वेषतः कृतम् । अफलप्रेप्सुना कर्म यत्तत्सात्त्विकमुच्यते ॥१८- २३॥
niyataṁ saṅgarahitam
arāgadveṣataḥ kṛtam
niyatam1
saṅga-rahitam2
arāga-dveṣataḥ3
kṛtam4
tat8 = That; karma6 = action; yat7 = which; kṛtam4= is performed; [as] niyatam1 = obligation; saṅga-rahitam2 = free from attachment; arāga-dveṣataḥ3 = without love or hatred; aphala-prepsunā5 = by one without attachment to fruits; ucyate10 = is called; sāttvikam9 = Sattva.18.23 Sattva = goodness.
18.23:
That action, which is performed as duty or obligation, without love,
hatred, or desire, by one without attachment to its fruits, is called
Sattva. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यत्तु कामेप्सुना कर्म साहंकारेण वा पुनः । क्रियते बहुलायासं तद्राजसमुदाहृतम् ॥१८- २४॥
yat tu kāmepsunā karma
sāhaṁkāreṇa vā punaḥ
yat1
tu2 kāmepsunā3
karma4 sa-ahaṅkāreṇa5
vā6
punaḥ7
tu2 = But; karma4 = action; yat1 = which; kriyate8 = is done; kāmepsunā3 = by one attached to fruits; [and] sa-ahaṅkāreṇa5 = an egoistic person; vā6 = or; punaḥ7 = again; bahula-āyāsam9 = with extraordinary effort; tat10 = that; udāhṛtam12 = is declared to be; rājasam11 = imbued with Rajas. 18.24
18.24:
Action, which is performed with a desire to enjoy the fruits,
and is prompted by ego and an extraordinary effort , is considered Rajasic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अनुबन्धं क्षयं हिंसामनवेक्ष्य च पौरुषम् । मोहादारभ्यते कर्म यत्तत्तामसमुच्यते ॥१८- २५॥
anubandhaṁ kṣayaṁ hiṁsām
anapekṣya
ca pauruṣam
anubandham1
kṣayam2
hiṁsām3
anapekṣya4
ca5
pauruṣam6
tat11
=That;
karma9
= work;
yat10
= which;
ārabhyate8
= is undertaken;
mohāt7
= with delusion;
anapekṣya4
= without regard to;
anubandham1
=
bondage/consequence;
kṣayam2
= loss;
hiṁsām3
= injury;
ca5
= and;
pauruṣam6=
capability; ucyate13
= is regarded;
tāmasam12
= Tamas.18.25
18.25: Work that is undertaken with delusion,
and without regard to consequence, loss, injury, and ability, is said to be
Tamasic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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मुक्तसङ्गोऽनहंवादी धृत्युत्साहसमन्वितः । सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योर्निर्विकारः कर्ता सात्त्विक उच्यते ॥१८- २६॥
muktasaṅgonahaṁvādī
dhṛtyutsāhasamanvitaḥ
muktasaṅgaḥ1
anahaṁvādī2
dhṛti-yutsāha-samanvitaḥ3
kartā6 = The doer/agent; [who] muktasaṅgaḥ1 = is liberated from attachment; anahaṁvādī2 = is not egoistic in speech; dhṛti-yutsāha-samanvitaḥ3 = is endowed with determination and enthusiasm; [and] nirvikāraḥ5 = is unaffected by; siddhi-asiddhyoḥ4 = success and failure; ucyate8 = is said to be; sāttvika7 = imbued with Sattva. 18.26
18.26: The doer or agent, who is unattached, not egoistic in speech, endowed with determination and enthusiasm, and unaffected by success or failure, is said to be sattvic. Sattva = Virtue and goodness. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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रागी कर्मफलप्रेप्सुर्लुब्धो हिंसात्मकोऽशुचिः । हर्षशोकान्वितः कर्ता राजसः परिकीर्तितः ॥१८- २७॥
rāgī
karmaphalaprepsur lubdho hiṁsātmakośuciḥ
rāgī1
karma-phala-prepsuḥ2
lubdhaḥ3
hiṁsa-ātmakaḥ4
aśuciḥ5
kartā7 =The doer/agent; rāgī1 = who is attached; karma-phala-prepsuḥ2 = who desires for fruits of actions; [is] lubdhaḥ3 = greedy; hiṁsa-ātmakaḥ4 = injurious by nature; aśuciḥ5 = impure/unclean; [and] harṣa-śoka-anvitaḥ6 = who is subject to joy and sorrow; parikīrtitaḥ9 = is proclaimed to be; rājasaḥ8 = imbued with Rajas .18.27 Rajas = motion and passion.
18.27: The doer, who is passionate and desires fruits of actions; who is greedy, injurious by nature, and impure; and who is subject to joy and sorrow, is proclaimed to be Rajasic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अयुक्तः प्राकृतः स्तब्धः शठो नैष्कृतिकोऽलसः । विषादी दीर्घसूत्री च कर्ता तामस उच्यते ॥१८- २८॥
ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭhao
naiṣkṛtikolasaḥ
ayuktaḥ1
prākṛtaḥ2
stabdhaḥ3
śaṭhaḥ4
naiṣkṛtikaḥ5
alasaḥ6
kartā10 = Doer/agent; [who] ayuktaḥ1 = is unbalanced; prākṛtaḥ2 = uncultivated; stabdhaḥ3 = stubborn; śaṭhaḥ4 = deceitful; naiṣkṛtikaḥ5 = usurping; alasaḥ6 = lazy; viṣādī7 = despondent; ca9 = and; dīrghasūtrī8 = procrastinating; ucyate12 = is said to be; tāmasa11 = imbued with Tamas.18.28
18.28:
The doer, who is unbalanced, uncultivated, obstinate, deceitful,
usurping, lazy, despondent, and procrastinating, is said to be Tamasic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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बुद्धेर्भेदं धृतेश्चैव गुणतस्त्रिविधं शृणु । प्रोच्यमानमशेषेण पृथक्त्वेन धनंजय ॥१८- २९॥
buddher bhedaṁ dhṛteś
caiva guṇatas
trividhaṁ śṛṇu
buddheḥ1
bhedam2
dhṛteḥ3
ca4
eva5
guṇataḥ6
trividham7
śṛṇu8
śṛṇu8= Hear; trividham7 = the three kinds; [of] bhedam2 = differences; buddheḥ1 = of intellect; ca4 = and; dhṛteḥ3 = of steadiness; eva5 = indeed; guṇataḥ6 = according to the Gunas; procyamānam9 = that being said; aśeṣeṇa10 = fully; [and] pṛthaktvena11 = severally; dhanañjaya12 = O Dhananjaya. 18.29
18.29: Hear the three kinds of differences in
intellect and steadiness explained fully and severally according to the
gunas, O Dhananjaya. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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प्रवृत्तिं च निवृत्तिं च कार्याकार्ये भयाभये । बन्धं मोक्षं च या वेत्ति बुद्धिः सा पार्थ सात्त्विकी ॥१८- ३०॥
pravṛttiṁ ca
nivṛttiṁ ca kāryākārye bhayābhaye
pravṛttim1
ca2
nivṛttim3
ca4
kārya-ākārye5
bhaya-abhaye6
buddhiḥ12 = Intellect;yā10 = by which;[ one] vetti11 = knows; pravṛttim1 = Pravrrti Marga; ca2 = and; nivṛttim3 = Nivrrti Marga; ca4 = and; kārya-ākārye5 = duty and unduteousness; bhaya-abhaye6 = fear and fearlessness; bandham7 = bondage; ca9 = and; mokṣam8 = liberation: sā13 = that [Buddhi]; pārtha14 = O Partha; sāttvikī15 = is imbued with Sattva.18.30. Sattva = virtue and goodness. kārya-ākārye5 = right action and wrong action; 'enjoined and prohibited action'. (Sankara). pravṛttim1 = Path of worldly action; nivṛttim3 = Path of spirituality or renunciation, the path that leads through unfolding back to the spiritual worlds; often called the path of light or luminous arc. (Theosophical dictionary)
18.30: Buddhi, by which one knows action and non-action (renunciation), what should be done and what should not be done, fear and fearlessness, bondage and liberation, O Partha, is sattvic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यया धर्ममधर्मं च कार्यं चाकार्यमेव च । अयथावत्प्रजानाति बुद्धिः सा पार्थ राजसी ॥१८- ३१॥
yayā dharmam
adharmaṁ ca kāryaṁ cākāryam eva ca
yayā1
dharmam2
adharmam3
ca4
kāryam5
ca6
akāryam6
eva7
ca8
buddhiḥ11 = Intellect; yayā1 = by which; prajānāti10 = it knows; ayathāvat9 = imperfectly/wrongly; dharmam2 = virtue; ca4 = and; adharmam3 = vice; ca6 = and; kāryam5 = permitted action; eva7 ca8 = as also; akāryam6 = prohibited action: sā12 = that [intellect]; pārtha13 = O Partha; rājasī14 = is imbued with Rajas.18.31 Rajas = passion and motion.
18.31: Buddhi, by which it knows imperfectly dharmam and adharmam, what should be done and what should not be done, is Rajasic, O Partha. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अधर्मं धर्ममिति या मन्यते तमसावृता । सर्वार्थान्विपरीतांश्च बुद्धिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥१८- ३२॥
adharmaṁ dharmam iti yā
manyate tamasāvṛtā
adharmam1
dharmam2
iti3
yā4
manyate5
tamasā6
āvṛtā7
buddhiḥ11 = Intellect; yā4 = which; manyate5 = thinks; adharmam1 = vice; iti3 = thus; [as] dharmam2 = virtue; āvṛtā7 = is covered; tamasā6 = by darkness or ignorance; ca10 = and; [sees] sarva-arthān8 = all objects; viparītāñ9 = contrary [to truth]: sā12 = that [intellect]; pārtha13 = O Partha; tāmasī14 = is imbued with Tamas.18.32
18.32:
Tamasic Buddhi, covered by ignorance, thinks Adharmam (vice) as
Dharmam (virtue), and sees all things contrary to their real nature, O
Partha. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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धृत्या यया धारयते मनःप्राणेन्द्रियक्रियाः । योगेनाव्यभिचारिण्या धृतिः सा पार्थ सात्त्विकी ॥१८- ३३॥
dhṛtyā
yayā dhārayate manaḥprāṇendriyakriyāḥ
dhṛtyā1
yayā2
dhārayate3
manaḥ4
prāṇa5
indriya6
kriyāḥ7
avyabhicāriṇyā9 = Unswerving, unfailing; dhṛtyā1 = determination; yayā2 = by which; dhārayate3 = one controls; manaḥ4 prāṇa5 indriya6 kriyāḥ7 = actions7 of mind4, breath5 and sense organs6; yogena8 = by Yoga: sā11 = that; dhṛtiḥ10 = firmness; pārtha12 = O Partha; sāttvikī13 = is imbued with Sattva.18.33
18.33:
The unswerving determination, by which one controls and steadies the
mind, the life-breaths, and the activities of the senses by yoga
(meditation)-- that firmness-- O Partha, is sattvic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यया तु धर्मकामार्थान्धृत्या धारयतेऽर्जुन । प्रसङ्गेन फलाकाङ्क्षी धृतिः सा पार्थ राजसी ॥१८- ३४॥
yayā tu dharmakāmārthān dhṛtyā
dhārayaterjuna
yayā1
tu2 dharma-kāma-arthān3
dhṛtyā4
dhārayate5 arjuna6
arjuna6 = O Arjuna; tu2 = but; dhṛtyā4 = determination; yayā1 = by which; [one] dhārayate5 = holds fast; dharma-kāma-arthān3 = duty, desire and wealth; prasaṅgena7 = with attachment; phala-ākāṅkṣī8 = desirous of fruits:; sā10 = that; dhṛtiḥ9 = determination; pārtha11 = O Partha; rājasī12 = is imbued with Rajas.18.34
18.34:
The determination, by which one holds fast to Dharma, Kāma, and Artha
(duty, desire and wealth) with attachment to desires of fruit O Partha, is
Rajasic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यया स्वप्नं भयं शोकं विषादं मदमेव च । न विमुञ्चति दुर्मेधा धृतिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥१८- ३५॥
yayā svapnaṁ
bhayaṁ śokaṁ viṣādaṁ madam eva ca
yayā1
svapnam2
bhayam3
śokam4
viṣādam5
madam7
eva8
ca9
dhṛtiḥ13 = Determination; yayā1 = by which; durmedhā12 = a fool; na10 = never; vimuñcati11 = gives up; svapnam2 = dream; bhayam3 = fear; śokam4 = grief; viṣādam5 = despondence; ca9= and; madam7 = conceit: eva8 = indeed; sā14 = that [determination]; pārtha15 = O partha; tāmasī16 = is imbued with Tamas.18.35
18.35: The determination by which a fool never gives up dream, fear, grief, despondence, and conceit or arrogance, O Partha, is Tamasic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सुखं त्विदानीं त्रिविधं शृणु मे भरतर्षभ । अभ्यासाद्रमते यत्र दुःखान्तं च निगच्छति ॥१८- ३६॥
sukhaṁ tv idānīṁ trividhaṁ
śṛṇu me bharatarṣabha
sukham1
tu2
idānīm3
trividham4
śṛṇu5
me6
bharatarṣabha7
tu2
= But; idānīm3
= now; śṛṇu5
= hear; me6
= from Me; bharatarṣabha7
= O the Best of Bharatas;
sukham1
= happiness; [is of] trividham4
= three kinds;
yatra10
= which;
ramate9
= one enjoys; abhyāsāt8
= by practice;
ca12
= and;
nigacchhati13
= attains;
duḥkhāntam11
= end of
suffering. 18.36
18.36:
And now hear from Me, O Best among Bharatas, the three kinds of
happiness, which one enjoys by practice and by which he reaches the end of
suffering. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यत्तदग्रे विषमिव परिणामेऽमृतोपमम् । तत्सुखं सात्त्विकं प्रोक्तमात्मबुद्धिप्रसादजम् ॥१८- ३७॥
yat tadagre viṣam
iva pariṇāmemṛtopamam
yat1
tat2
agre3
viṣam4
iva5
pariṇāme6
amṛta7
upamam8
tat2
= That;
sukham10
= happiness;
yat1
= which; [is]
iva5
= like;
viṣam4
= poison;
agre3
= at the outset; [and] pariṇāme6
= at the end;
upamam8
= comparable to;
amṛta7
= nectar: tat9
= that [happiness];
sāttvikam11
= imbued with
Sattva;
proktam12
= is said;
ātma-buddhi-prasādajam13
= to
arise from the Grace of the intellect of the Self. 18.37
18.37:
That happiness, which is like the poison at the beginning and nectar
at the end, comes from Atma buddhi and is sattvic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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विषयेन्द्रियसंयोगाद्यत्तदग्रेऽमृतोपमम् । परिणामे विषमिव तत्सुखं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥१८- ३८॥
viṣayendriyasañyogād
yat tad agremṛtopamam
viṣaya1
indriya2
saṁyogāt3
yat4
tat5
agre6
amṛtopamam7
tat5 = That; sukham12 = happiness; yat4 = which; [arises from] viṣaya1 indriya2 saṁyogāt3 = contact3 between sense organs2 and objects of the senses1; [is] amṛtopamam7 = like ambrosia; agre6 = at the outset; [and] iva10 = like; viṣam9 = poison; pariṇāme8 = at the end: tat11 = that [happiness]; smṛtam14 = is said to be; rājasam13 = imbued with Rajas.18.38
18.38: The happiness, which comes from the contact of objects of senses with the senses, is nectar at the beginning and poison at the end, and is known as Rajasic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यदग्रे चानुबन्धे च सुखं मोहनमात्मनः । निद्रालस्यप्रमादोत्थं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१८- ३९॥
yad agre cānubandhe ca sukhaṁ
mohanam ātmanaḥ
yat1
agre2 ca3
anubandhe4 ca5
sukham6 mohanam7
ātmanaḥ8
tat13 = That; sukham6 = happiness; yat1 = which; [is] mohanam7 = delusive; ātmanaḥ8 = of the self; agre2 = in the beginning; ca3 = and; anubandhe4 = at the end; [which] uttham12 = rises; [from] nidrā9 = sleep; ālasya10 = laziness; ca5 = and; pramāda11 = negligence; udāhṛtam15 = is declared to be; tāmasam14 = imbued with Tamas.18.39
18.39: That happiness, which deludes the atman in the beginning and at the end and which comes from sleep, laziness, and negligence, is said to be Tamasic. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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न तदस्ति पृथिव्यां वा दिवि देवेषु वा पुनः । सत्त्वं प्रकृतिजैर्मुक्तं यदेभिः स्यात्त्रिभिर्गुणैः ॥१८- ४०॥
na tad asti pṛthivyāṁ vā divi
deveṣu vā punaḥ
na1
tat2
asti3
pṛthivyām4
vā5
divi6
deveṣu7
vā8
punaḥ9
asti3 = There is; na1 = no; tat2 = such; sattvam10 = being or entity; pṛthivyām4 = on earth; vā5 = or; divi6 = in heaven; vā8 = or; punaḥ9 = again; deveṣu7 = among the gods; yat13 = who/which; syāt15 = is/can be; muktam12 = free; ebhiḥ14 = from these; tribhiḥ16 = three; guṇaiḥ17 = Gunas; prakṛti-jaiḥ11 = born of Nature.18.40
18.40:
There is no being either on earth or in heaven or among the gods, who
is free from the three modes of Gunas born of Prakrti. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च परन्तप । कर्माणि प्रविभक्तानि स्वभावप्रभवैर्गुणैः ॥१८- ४१॥
brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṁ
śūdrāṇāṁ ca paraṁtapa brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśām-śūdrāṇām-ca1 parantapa2- karmāṇi3 pravibhaktāni4 svabhāva-prabhavaiḥ5 guṇaiḥ6 18.41
parantapa2
= O Parantapa;
brāhmaṇa1A-kṣatriya1B-viśām1C-ca1D-śūdrāṇām1E
= of the
Brahmanas1A,
Ksatriyas1B,
Vaisyas1C,
and1D
Sudras1E:
karmāṇi3
= their activities; pravibhaktāni4
= are separated/distinguished; [according to]
guṇaiḥ6
= Gunas; svabhāva-prabhavaiḥ5
= born of their own inherent disposition.18.41
18.41: Brāhmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Sūdra,
O Parantapa, and their activities are divided according to the Gunas born of
their own nature. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च । ज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥१८- ४२॥
śamao damas tapaḥ śaucaṁ kṣāntir
ārjavam eva ca
śamaḥ1
damaḥ2
tapaḥ3 śaucam4
kṣāntiḥ5
ārjavam6 eva7
ca8
śamaḥ1 damaḥ2 tapaḥ3 śaucam4 kṣāntiḥ5 ārjavam6 jñānam9 vijñānam10 ca8 eva7 āstikyam11 = Tranquility1, self-control2, austerity3, purity4, patience5, honesty6, knowledge9, wisdom10, and8 indeed7 belief in God11; [are] brahma-karma12 = duty of Brahmana; svabhāvajam13 = born of his innate disposition. 18.42
18.42: Tranquillity, self-control, austerity, purity, patience, honesty, knowledge, wisdom, and belief in God are the duty of the Brāhmana born of his inherent disposition (karma SvA-bhAva-jam) Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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शौर्यं तेजो धृतिर्दाक्ष्यं युद्धे चाप्यपलायनम् । दानमीश्वरभावश्च क्षात्रं कर्म स्वभावजम् ॥१८- ४३॥
śauryaṁ tejo dhṛtir
dākṣyaṁ yuddhe cāpy
apalāyanam
śauryaṁ tejo dhṛtir
dākṣyaṁ yuddhe cāpy
apalāyanam
śauryam1
tejaḥ2
dhṛtiḥ3
dākṣyam4
yuddhe5
ca6
api7
apalāyanam8
śauryam1 = Heroism; tejaḥ2 = boldness; dhṛtiḥ3 = determination; dākṣyam4 = skill; ca6 = and; api7 = also; apalāyanam8 = not running away; yuddhe5 = from battle; dānam9 = generosity; ca11 = and; īśvarabhāvaḥ10 = lordliness; [are] karma13 = the duty; kṣātram12 = of a Ksatriya; svabhāvajam14 = born of his inherent disposition.18.43
18.43:
Heroism, boldness, determination, skill, not fleeing from the battle,
generosity, and lordliness are the duty of Kshatriya
born of his inherent disposition
or becoming. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं वैश्यकर्म स्वभावजम् । परिचर्यात्मकं कर्म शूद्रस्यापि स्वभावजम् ॥१८- ४४॥
kṛṣigaurakṣyavāṇijyaṁ vaiśyakarma svabhāvajam
kṛṣi-gaurakṣya-vāṇijyam1
vaiśya-karma2
svabhāvajam3 1 kṛṣi-gaurakṣya-vāṇijyam1 = Cultivation, cow protection, and trade; vaiśya-karma2 = duties of Vaisya; [are] svabhāvajam3 = born of his own nature; paricaryātmakam4 = the nature of service; [and] karma5 = duty; śūdrasya6 = of the Sudra; api7 = also; [are] svabhāva-jam8 = born of his own inherent disposition. 18.44
18.44:
Cultivation, cow protection, and trade are the duty of Vaishya, born
of his own (Vaishya) nature. Duty of Sudra is of the nature of service (to
other three), born
of his own inherent disposition. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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स्वे स्वे कर्मण्यभिरतः संसिद्धिं लभते नरः । स्वकर्मनिरतः सिद्धिं यथा विन्दति तच्छृणु ॥१८- ४५॥
sve sve karmaṇy
abhirataḥ saṁsiddhiṁ
labhate naraḥ
sve sve1
karmaṇi2
abhirataḥ3
saṁsiddhim4
labhate5
naraḥ6
abhirataḥ3 = Devoted to; sve sve1 = one's own; karmaṇi2 = duty; naraḥ6 = man; labhate5 = attains; saṁsiddhim4 = perfection. śṛṇu12 = Hear; yathā9 = as; [to how] sva-karma-nirataḥ7 = one engaged in his own duty; vindati10 = attains/achieves; tat11 = that; siddhim8 = success.18.45
18.45:
Devoted to his own duty, man attains perfection. Hear now as to how
one engaged in his own duty attains perfection/success. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यतः प्रवृत्तिर्भूतानां येन सर्वमिदं ततम् । स्वकर्मणा तमभ्यर्च्य सिद्धिं विन्दति मानवः ॥१८- ४६॥
yataḥ pravṛttir
bhūtānāṁ yena sarvam idaṁ
tatam
yataḥ1
pravṛttiḥ2
bhūtānām3
yena4
sarvam5
idam6
tatam7
[By doing] svakarmaṇā8 = his own duties; [and] abhyarcya10 = by worshipping; tam9 = Him; yataḥ1 = from whom; pravṛttiḥ2 = manifestation; [of] bhūtānām3 = all beings; [arises] yena4 = by whom; sarvam5 = all; idam6 = this; tatam7 = is pervaded; mānavaḥ13 = a man; vindati12 = attains; siddhim11 = perfection/success.18.46
18.46: By worshipping Him, from Whom all beings arise, and Who pervades all this, and by doing his own duties, man attains perfection. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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श्रेयान्स्वधर्मो विगुणः परधर्मात्स्वनुष्ठितात् । स्वभावनियतं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम् ॥१८- ४७॥
śreyān svadharmo viguṇaḥ
paradharmot svanuṣṭhitāt
śreyān1
svadharmaḥ2
viguṇaḥ3
paradharmāt4
su-anuṣṭhitāt5
śreyān1 = Better/superior; svadharmaḥ2 = one's own dharma/duty; [though] viguṇaḥ3 = imperfect/deficient; [than] paradharmāt4 = dharma of another; su-anuṣṭhitāt5 = perfectly done. [By] kurvan8 = doing; karma7 = duty; svabhāva-niyatam6 = according to one's own nature; [one] na9 = never; āpnoti10 = attains/incurs; kilbiṣam11 = sin.18.47
18.47:
Better is one's own dharma though imperfectly performed than the
dharma of another however perfectly done. By performing one's karma
according to one's own nature, one does not incur any sin. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सहजं कर्म कौन्तेय सदोषमपि न त्यजेत् । सर्वारम्भा हि दोषेण धूमेनाग्निरिवावृताः ॥१८- ४८॥
sahajaṁ karma kaunteya sadoṣam
api na tyajet
sahajam1
karma2
kaunteya3
sadoṣam4
api5
na6
tyajet7
kaunteya3 = O son of Kunti; [one should] na6 = never; tyajet7 = abandon/give up; sahajam1 = natural/innate/inborn; karma2 = duty; api5 = though; sadoṣam4 = defective. sarva-ārambhāḥ8 = All endeavors; hi9 = indeed; [are afflicted] doṣeṇa10 = with defects; iva13 = as; agniḥ12 = fire; āvṛtāḥ14 = is surrounded/covered/enveloped; dhūmena11 = with smoke. 18.48
18.48:
One should not give up one’s innate karma, O Kaunteya, though
defective. All endeavors are covered with defects
as the fire is covered by smoke. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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असक्तबुद्धिः सर्वत्र जितात्मा विगतस्पृहः । नैष्कर्म्यसिद्धिं परमां संन्यासेनाधिगच्छति ॥१८- ४९॥
asaktabuddhiḥ sarvatra
jitātmā vigataspṛhaḥ
asakta-buddhiḥ1
sarvatra2
jitātmā3
vigata-spṛhaḥ4
[He whose] asakta-buddhiḥ1 = Buddhi or intellect is unattached; sarvatra2 = everywhere; jitātmā3 = who has control over self; vigata-spṛhaḥ4 = whose desires departed; [who attained] naiṣkarmya-siddhim5 = perfection of non-action or transcendence of Karma; adhigacchati8 = attains; paramām6 = the Supreme; sannyāsena7 = through renunciation.18.49
18.49. He whose Buddhi is unattached everywhere, who has control over self, whose desires have departed, who has attained perfection of non-action or transcendence of Karma, attains the Supreme through renunciation. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सिद्धिं प्राप्तो यथा ब्रह्म तथाप्नोति निबोध मे । समासेनैव कौन्तेय निष्ठा ज्ञानस्य या परा ॥१८- ५०॥
siddhiṁ prāpto yathā brahma
tathāpnoti nibodha me
siddhim1
prāptaḥ2
yathā3
brahma4
tathā5
āpnoti6
nibodha7
me8
nibodha7 = Learn; me8 = from me; samāsena9 = briefly; eva10 = indeed; kaunteya11 = O son of Kunti; prāptaḥ2 = having achieved; siddhim1 = spiritual perfection; [he] yathā3 = as tathā5 = by that; āpnoti6 = attains; brahma4 = Brahman; yā14 = which; [is] parā15 = the supreme; niṣṭhā12 = state; jñānasya13 = of knowledge. 18.50
18.50:
Learn from Me briefly, O Kaunteya, having achieved perfection, he
attains Brahman, which is the supreme state of knowledge. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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बुद्ध्या विशुद्ध्या युक्तो धृत्यात्मानं नियम्य च । शब्दादीन्विषयांस्त्यक्त्वा रागद्वेषौ व्युदस्य च ॥१८- ५१॥
buddhyā viśuddhayā yukto
dhṛtyātmānaṁ niyamya ca
buddhyā1
viśuddhayā2
yuktaḥ3
dhṛtyā4
ātmānam5
niyamya6
ca7
yuktaḥ3 = Endowed with; viśuddhayā2 = pure; buddhyā1 = intellect; niyamya6 = controlling; ātmānam5 = the self; [with] dhṛtyā4 = steadiness; ca7 = and; tyaktvā10 = giving up/rejecting; viṣayān9 = sense objects; śabdādīn8 = beginning with sound; ca13 = and; vyudasya12 = casting aside; rāga-dveṣau11 = likes and dislikes... 18.51 continued
18.51:
Endowed with purified Buddhi, controlling self with determination,
giving up sound, and sense objects, and casting aside likes and dislikes
(continued) Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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विविक्तसेवी लघ्वाशी यतवाक्कायमानसः । ध्यानयोगपरो नित्यं वैराग्यं समुपाश्रितः ॥१८- ५२॥
viviktasevī laghvāśī
yatavākkāyamānasaḥ
vivikta-sevī1
laghu-āśī2
yata3
vāk-kāya-mānasaḥ4
vivikta-sevī1
= living in solitude; laghu-āśī2
= eating lightly; yata3
=controlling; vāk-kāya-mānasaḥ4
= speech, body, and mind; [engaged] nityam6
= always; dhyāna-yoga-paraḥ5
= in
the highest as in meditation and yoga; samupāśritaḥ8
= taking refuge in;
vairāgyam7
= detachment or dispassion;
18.52
continued...
18.52:
Living in solitude, eating lightly, controlling
speech, body, and mind, engaged all the time in yoga of meditation,
having taken refuge in detachment (continued) Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अहंकारं बलं दर्पं कामं क्रोधं परिग्रहम् । विमुच्य निर्ममः शान्तो ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते ॥१८- ५३॥
ahaṁkāraṁ
balaṁ darpaṁ kāmaṁ krodhaṁ
ahaṅkāram1
balam2
darpam3
kāmam4
krodham5
vimucya7 = giving up; ahaṅkāram1 = ego; balam2 = power; darpam3 = pride; kāmam4 = lust; krodham5 = anger; parigraham6 = possession; [exercising] nirmamaḥ8 = indifference to a sense of mine; [and upholding] śāntaḥ9 = peace; [he] kalpate11 = becomes worthy of; brahma-bhūyāya10 = absorption in Brahman. 18.53
18.53:
giving up ego, power,
pride, lust and anger, possession, and
in perfect indifference to a sense of “mine,” and endowed with peace,
he becomes worthy of attaining Brahma-būyāyas (absorption in Brahman). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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ब्रह्मभूतः प्रसन्नात्मा न शोचति न काङ्क्षति । समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु मद्भक्तिं लभते पराम् ॥१८- ५४॥
brahmabhūtaḥ prasannātmā
na śocati na kāṅkṣati
brahma-bhūtaḥ1
prasanna-ātmā2
na śocati3
na kāṅkṣati4
brahma-bhūtaḥ1 = Being one with Brahman; prasanna-ātmā2 = the bliss-self; na śocati |