Bhagavadgita Pages in English, Chapters 1 to 18
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Bhagavad-Gita: 18 Chapters in Sanskrit |
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V.Krishnaraj
References:
S = Sankara; R = Ramanuja; RN = Radhakrishnan.
Monier-Williams, 'Sanskrit-English Dictionary'
Chapter 01: Arjuna's distress
| Original date of web publication: May 10, 2009 |
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धृतराष्ट्र उवाच धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः । मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ॥१-१॥ 1.1
dhṛtarāṣṭra
uvāca
dhṛtarāṣṭra
uvāca
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca = Dhrtarastra said: sañjaya11 = O Sanjaya [a charioteer, a friend and secretary was acting as a reporter to the blind king Dhrtarastra, the father of Kauravas]; samavetāḥ3 = assembled in; dharmakṣetraḥ1 = Dharmaksetra [the Field of Dharma or righteousness]; kuru-kṣetre2 = Kuruksetra [the Field of the Kurus]; yuyutsavaḥ4 = desiring battle; eva8 & kim9 = exactly what; māmakāḥ5 = my people [Kauravas]; ca7 = and; pāṇḍavāḥ6 = Pandavas; akurvata10 = did do? 1.1
1.1:
Dhritarāstra said:
Assembled in Dharmaksetra and
Kuruksetra eager for battle, what did my people and the sons of Pandu do, O
Sanjaya? Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सञ्जय उवाच दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा । आचार्यमुपसंगम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१-२॥ 1.2
sañjaya uvāca
Sañjaya
uvāca ācāryam7 upasaṅgamya8 rājā9 vacanam10 abravīt11 1.2
Sañjaya uvāca = Sanjaya said: tadā6 = When, at that time; rājā9 duryodhanaḥ5 = King Duryodhana; dṛṣṭvā1 tu2 = upon seeing; pāṇḍav-ānīkam3 = the soldiers of the Pandavas; vyūḍham4 = in battle formation; upasaṅgamya8 = approached; ācāryam7 = Acharya Drona; [and] abravīt11 = uttered; vacanam10 = [these] words. 1.2
Seeing the Pandava army in battle
formation, Duryodhana approached his teacher and spoke these words.
Drona was his
Guru. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम् । व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता ॥१-३॥ 1.3
paśyaitāṁ pāṇḍuputrāṇām
ācārya mahatīṁ
camūm
paśya1
etāṁ2
pāṇḍu-putrāṇām3
ācārya4
mahatīm5
camūm6
ācārya4 = O Acharya Drona; paśya1 = behold; etām2 = this; mahatīm5 = very great; camūm6 = army; pāṇḍu-putrāṇām3 = of the sons of Pandu; vyūḍhām7 = in battle formation; [deployed] drupada-putreṇa8 = by the son of Drupada; tava9 = your; dhīmatā11 = intelligent; śiṣyeṇa10 = disciple. 1.3
Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि ।
युयुधानो
विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥१-४॥
atra śūrā maheṣvāsā
bhīmārjunasamā yudhi
atra1
śūrāḥ2
maheṣvāsāḥ3
bhīmārjuna4 samāḥ5
yudhi6
atra1 = Here; [are] śūrāḥ2 = the heroes; ca9 = and; maheṣvāsāḥ3 = the Great archers; samāḥ5 = equal; [to] bhīmārjuna4 = Bhima and Arjuna; yudhi6 = in battle: yuyudhānaḥ7 = Yuyudhana; virāṭaḥ8 = Virata; drupadaḥ10 = Drupada; ca11 = and; mahārathaḥ12 = Great Charioteer. 1.4
Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् । पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः ॥१-५॥ 1.5
dhṛṣṭaketuś
cekitānaḥ kāśirājaś ca
vīryavān
dhṛṣṭaketuḥ1
cekitānaḥ2
kāśirājaḥ3
ca4 vīryavān5
dhṛṣṭaketuḥ1 = Dhristaketu; cekitānaḥ2 = Cekitana; vīryavān5 = valiant; kāśirājaḥ3 = Kasiraja' ca4 = and; purujit6 = Purujit; kuntibhojaḥ7 = Kuntibhoja; ca8 = and; śaibyaḥ9 = Saibya ca10 = and; narapungavaḥ11 = foremost among men. 1.5
1.5: Dhristaketu,
Cekitana, valiant Kasiraja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and Saibya, the foremost
among men. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान् । सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः ॥१-६॥ 1.6
yudhāmanyuś ca
vikrānta uttamaujāś ca vīryavān
yudhāmanyuḥ1
ca2
vikrāntaḥ3
uttamaujāḥ4
ca5
vīryavān6
yudhāmanyuḥ1 = Yudhamanyu; vikrāntaḥ3 = the valiant; ca2 = and; uttamaujāḥ4 = Uttamauja; vīryavān6 = the powerful; ca5 = and; saubhadraḥ7 = son of Sabhadra; ca9 = and; draupadeyāḥ8 = sons of Draupadi [are]; sarva10 = all; eva11 = indeed; mahārathāḥ12 = the Great Charioteers (fighters). 1.6
1.6: Yudhamanyu the valiant, Uttamauja the powerful, the son of Subhadra, and the sons of Draupadi are great chariot fighters. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम । नायका मम सैन्यस्य संज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते ॥१-७॥ 1.7
asmākaṁ tu
viśiṣṭā ye tān nibodha dvijottama
asmākam1
tu2 viśiṣṭā3 ye4 tān5 nibodha6
dvijottama7
tu2 = But; dvijottama7 = O the Best among Brahmanas; nibodha6 = know; tān5 = them; [as] viśiṣṭā3 = the most distinguished; [on] asmākam1 = our [side] ; saṁjñā-artham11 te14 = for your information; [I] bravīmi13 = will name; tān12 = them; nāyakāḥ8 = the leaders; [of] mama9 = my; sainyasya10 = soldiers. 1.7
1.7:
Know also, O Dvija Uttama, the
distinguished
leaders of the army. I will name them for your information. Dvija-Uttama:
The “twice-born supreme,” the best of the twice-born Brahmanas. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिंजयः । अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च ॥१-८॥ 1.8
bhavān bhīṣmaś
ca karṇaś
ca kṛpaś
ca samitiṁjayaḥ
bhavān1
bhīṣmaḥ2
ca3
karṇaḥ4
ca5 kṛpaḥ6
ca7 samitiṁjayaḥ8
bhavān1 = [Like] Yourself; ca3 = and; bhīṣmaḥ2 = Bhisma; ca5 = and; karṇaḥ4 = Karna; kṛpaḥ6 = Krpa; ca7 = and; aśvatthāmā9 = Asvatthama; ca11 = and; vikarṇaḥ10 = Vikarna; ca15 = and; saumadattiḥ12 = the son of Somadatta; tathā13 & eva14 = likewise; samitiṁjayaḥ8 = ever victorious in battle. 1.8
1.8: (Like) yourself, Bhishma, Karna, Kripa, Asvatthama. Vikarna, and the sons of Somadatta as well, ever victorious in battle. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अन्ये च बहवः शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः । नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः ॥१-९॥ 1.9
anye ca
bahavaḥ śūrā madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ
anye1
ca2 bahavaḥ3 śūrāḥ4
mad-arthe5 tyakta-jīvitāḥ6
anye1 = Many others; ca2 = and; bahavaḥ3 = many; śūrāḥ4 = heroes; tyakta-jīvitāḥ6 = those willing to sacrifice their lives; mad-arthe5 = for me; nānā7 śastra8 praharaṇāḥ9 = ready and equipped with many weapons [many-weapons-ready and equipped with]; sarve10 = all of them; yuddha11 viśāradāḥ12 = skilled in12 war11. 1.9
1.9: Many other
heroes have risked their lives
for my sake.
They are equipped with many weapons, and all of them are skilled in
war. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम् । पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम् ॥१-१०॥ 1.10
aparyāptaṁ tad asmākaṁ balaṁ
bhīṣmābhirakṣitam
aparyāptam1
tat2
asmākam3
balam4
bhīṣma5
abhirakṣitam6 . tat2 = That; balam4 = strength; asmākam3 = of ours; aparyāptam1 = is unlimited; abhirakṣitam6 = protected by; bhīṣma5 = Bhisma; tu8 = but; idam9 = this; balam11 = strength; eteṣām10 = of theirs [Pandavas]; abhirakṣitam13 = protected by; bhīma12 = Bhima; paryāptaṃ7 = is limited. 1.10
1.10: Our strength is unlimited, protected by Bhisma. Protected by Bhima, the strength of Pandavas is limited. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः । भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि ॥१-११॥ 1.11
ayaneṣu ca
sarveṣu yathābhāgam avasthitāḥ
ayaneṣu1
ca2 sarveṣu3 yathā-bhāgam4 avasthitāḥ5
sarveṣu3 = All; ayaneṣu1 ca2 = On all fronts, yathā-bhāgam4 = whatever (allotment) rank and file; bhavantaḥ9 = you are; avasthitāḥ5 = staying fixed; [offer] abhirakṣantu8 = support; [to] bhīṣmam6 = Bhishma; evā7 = certainly; sarva10 eva11 hi12 = all without remiss. 1.11
1.11: All of you, stationed everywhere on all fronts in your respective positions, protect Bhisma without remiss. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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तस्य संजनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः । सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥१-१२॥ 1.12
tasya
sañjanayan harṣaṃ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ
tasya1
sañjanayan2
harṣaṃ3
kuru-vṛddhaḥ4
pitāmahaḥ5 . pratāpavān11 = Valiant; pitāmahaḥ5 = Grandfather Bhishma; kuru-vṛddhaḥ4 = the eldest of the Kurus; sañjanayan2 = to raise; tasya1 = his (Duryodhana); harṣaṃ3 = cheer; [roared making]; vinadya7 = reverberating; siṃha-nādaṃ6 = lion's sound [and] dadhmau10 = blew; śaṅkhaṃ9 = the conch; ucchaiḥ8 = loudly. 1.12
1.12:
The valiant Bhishma, the elder of the Kurus and the grandfather, roared like
a lion and blew his conch loudly to cheer up Duryodhana. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः । सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥१-१३॥ 1.13
tataḥ
śaṅkhāś
ca bheryaś ca paṇavānakagomukhāḥ
tataḥ
śaṅkhāḥ
ca bheryaḥ
ca paṇava-anaka
go-mukhāḥ
tataḥ = Thereafter; śaṅkhāḥ = conch; ca = and bheryaḥ = bugles; ca = and; paṇava-anaka = trumpets and drums; go-mukhāḥ = cow-horns; sahasā evā = all at once; abhyahanyanta = sounded. saḥ = That; śabdaḥ = sound; abhavat = became; tumulaḥ = tumultuous. 1.13
1.13: Thereafter, conches,
kettledrums, trumpets, tabors, and horns were sounded all together. It was a
tumultuous riot. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ । माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः ॥१-१४॥ 1.14
tataḥ
śvetair hayair yukte mahati syandane sthitau
tataḥ1
śvetaiḥ2
hayaiḥ3
yukte4
mahati5
syandane6
sthitau7
tataḥ1 = Thereafter; mādhavaḥ8 = Madhava [Krishna]; pāṇḍavaḥ ca eva9 = and Pandava [Arjuna]; sthitau7 = seated; mahati5 = on the great; syandane6 = chariot; yukte4 = yoked; śvetaiḥ2 = to the white; hayaiḥ3 = horses; pradaghmatuḥ12 = sounded; divyau10 = the divine; śaṅkhau11 = conches. 1.14
1.14:
Thereafter, Madhava and Pandava (Lord Krishna and Arjuna) sitting on the
great chariot yoked with white horses sounded the divine conches. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः । पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः ॥१-१५॥ 1.15
pāñcajanyaṁ
hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṁ dhanañjayaḥ
pāñcajanyam1
hṛṣīkeśaḥ2
devadattam3 dhanañjayaḥ4 . hṛṣīkeśaḥ2 = Hrisikesa [krishna]; dadhmau6 = blew; [His] pāñcajanyam1 = Panchajanya; dhanañjayaḥ4 = Arjuna; [blew] devadattam3 = Devadatta; vṛkodaraḥ9 = Vrkodara; bhīma-karmā8 = of terrible deeds; [blew] mahā-śaṅkham7 = the Great Conch; pauṇḍram5 = Paundram. 1.15
1.15: Hrisikesa blew His conch,
Pāchajanya; Dhanajaya blew his conch, Devadatta; and Bhima the big eater and
formidable doer of deeds blew his big conch, Paundra.
Bhima means 'The Terrible', and thus are the epithet Bhima and eponymous acts, Bhima Karma (= terrible deeds). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः । नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥१-१६॥ 1.16
anantavijayaṁ rājā kuntīputro
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
anantavijayam1
rājā2 kuntī-putraḥ3
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ4
kuntī-putraḥ3 = Son of Kunti; rājā2 = king; yudhiṣṭhiraḥ4 = Yudhithira; [blew]; anantavijayam1 = the Conch by name Anantavijayam. nakulaḥ5 = Nakula; ca7 = and; sahadevaḥ6 = Shadeva; [blew]; sughoṣa-maṇipuṣpakau8 = the Conches Sughosa and Manipuspaka. 1.16
1.16: Son of Kunti, king Yudhithira blew the Conch by name Anantavijayam; Nakula and Shadeva blew the Conches Sughosa and Manipuspaka. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः । धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः ॥१-१७॥ 1.17
kāśyaś
ca parameṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ
kāśyaḥ1
ca2 parameṣvāsaḥ3
śikhaṇḍī4 ca5
mahārathaḥ6
kāśyaḥ1 = Kasi Raja; parameṣvāsaḥ3 = the wielder of the great bow; ca2 = and; śikhaṇḍī4 = Sikhandi; mahārathaḥ6 = the great charioteer; ca5 = and; dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ7 = Dhrstadhyumna; ca9 = and; virāṭaḥ8 = Virata; ca11 = and; sātyakiḥ10 = Satyaki; aparājitaḥ12 = who has never known defeat. 1.17
1.17: Kasi Raja, the wielder of the great bow, Sikhandi, the great Charioteer, Dhrstadhyumna, Virata, and Satyaki, who has never known defeat... Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते ।
सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक्
॥१-१८॥ 1.18
drupadaḥ1
draupadeyāḥ2
ca3
sarvaśaḥ4
pṛthivī-pate5
drupadaḥ1 = King Drupada; ca3 = and; draupadeyāḥ2 = the sons of Draupadi; ca7 = and; mahā-bāhuḥ8 = mighty-armed; saubhadraḥ6 = son of Subhadra; sarvaśaḥ4 = all; dadhmuḥ10 = blew; śaṅkhān9 = [their respective] conches; pṛthak-pṛthak11 = separately-separately [one by one]; pṛthivīpate5 = O King of Earth. 1.18
1.18: O King, king Drupada, the sons of Draupadi and the mighty-armed son of Subhadra blew the conches one by one, separately.
Yuddhisthira, Arjuna, Bhima, Nakula and Sahadeva are the five brothers collectively known as the Pandavas [the five-some or the pentad]. Yudhisthira, Bhima and Arjuna are the sons of King Pandu and Kunti; Nakula and Sahadeva are twins born of King Pandu and Madri. Draupadi is married to the Pandavas, the five siblings. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत् । नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन् ॥१-१९॥ 1.19
sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṁ
hṛdayāni vyadārayat
sah1
ghoṣaḥ2
dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām3
hṛdayāni4
vyadārayat5
sah1 = That; ghoṣaḥ2 = sound; tumulaḥ11 = tumult [tumultuous roar of the conches]; vyanunādayan12 = reverberating through; nabhaḥ6 = the sky; ca7 = and; pṛthivīm8 = the earth; vyadārayat5 = split; hṛdayāni4 = the hearts; ca9 eva10 = indeed of; dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām3 = the sons of Dhrtarastra. 1.19
1.19: The tumultuous roar (of the
conches), reverberating through the sky and the earth, tore the hearts of
the sons of Dhritarastra (the Kauravas). The Pandavas are the righteous kings and the Kauravas are the usurpers of the kingdom of Pandavas. The roar of the conches of the Pandavas shattered the hearts of the unrighteous, a clue to the outcome. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः । प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसंपाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥१-२०॥ 1.20
atha vyavasthitān dṛṣṭvā
dhārtarāṣṭrān
kapidhvajaḥ
atha1
vyavasthitān2 dṛṣṭvā3
dhārtarāṣṭrān4
kapidhvajaḥ5
pāṇḍavaḥ10 = The Pandava [Arjuna], the son of Pandu; kapidhvajaḥ5 = one with Hanuman's flag; atha1 = thereupon; dṛṣṭvā3 = seeing; dhārtarāṣṭrān4 = the sons of Dhristarastra; vyavasthitān2 = standing in position; pravṛtte6 = getting ready to engage; udyamya9 = [Arjuna] hoisted up; dhanuḥ8 = the bow; [for] śastrasaṁpāte7 = the launching of the arrows... 1.20 Arjuna takes a bird's eye view of the two armies. 1.20: O King, thereupon Arjuna, whose flag bore the crest of Hanuman, seeing the sons of Dhritarastra ready for battle, took up his bow. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते । अर्जुन उवाच सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत ॥१-२१॥ 1.21
hṛṣīkeśaṁ tadā
vākyam idam āha mahīpate
hṛṣīkeśam1
tadā2
vākyam3
idam4
āha5
mahī-pate6
tadā2 = At that time; Arjuna; āha5 = said; idam4 = these; vākyam3 = words; hṛṣīkeśam1 = To Lord Hrsikesa (Krishna): acyuta13 = O Acyuta (Krishna, the Infallible); mahī-pate6 = O Great King; sthāpaya11 = stand; me12 = my; ratham10 = chariot; madhye9 = between; ubhayoḥ8 = the two; senayoḥ7 = armies. 1.21
1.21: At that time Arjuna said these words to Lord Krishna: O Acyuta, O Great King, stand my chariot between the two armies. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यावदेतान्निरिक्षेऽहं योद्धुकामानवस्थितान् । कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन् रणसमुद्यमे ॥१-२२॥ 1.22
yāvad etān
nirikṣehaṁ yoddhukāmān avasthitān
yāvat1
etān2 nirikṣe3
aham4
yoddhu-kāmān5 avasthitān6
yāvat1 = Until; aham4 = I; nirikṣe3 =see; etān2 = all these [warriors]; kaiḥ7 & saha9 = with whom; yoddhavyam10 = [I have] to fight with; [who are] avasthitān6 = in battle formation; yoddhu-kāmān5 = lusting for a fight; mayā8 = with me; asmin11 = in this; raṇa12 & samudyame13 = war effort. 1.22
I see these warriors with whom I have to fight and who are in battle formation lusting for a fight with me in this war effort. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः । धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥१-२३॥ 1.23
yotsyamānān
avekṣe 'haṁ ya ete 'tra samāgatāḥ
yotsyamānān1
avekṣe2 aham3
ye4 ete5
atra6 samāgatāḥ7
aham3 = I; avekṣe2 = wish to see; yotsyamānān1 = the prospective fighters; ye4 = whoever; ete5 = they; [are] samāgatāḥ7 = assembled; atra6 = here; priyacikīrṣavaḥ11 = wishing to do good; [to] durbuddheḥ9 = the evil-minded; dhārtarāṣṭrasya8 = son of Dhrstarastra; yuddhe10 = in the fight. 1.23
1.23: I wish to see those assembled
here willing to fight and serve the evil-minded son of Dhrtarāstra. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सञ्जय उवाच एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत । सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥१-२४॥ 1.24 Sañjaya Uvāca:
evam ukto
hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata Sañjaya Uvāca: evam1 uktaḥ2 hṛṣīkeśaḥ3 guḍākeśena4 bhārata5 senayoḥ7 ubhayoḥ8 madhye9 sthāpayitvā10 rathottamam11 Sañjaya Uvāca:= Sanjaya said: evam1 = Thus; uktaḥ2 = spoken to; guḍākeśena4 = by arjuna; hṛṣīkeśaḥ3 = Hrisikesa [Krishna]; sthāpayitvā10 = placed; rathottamam11 = the Highest Chariot. madhye9 = between; ubhayoḥ8 = of both; senayoḥ7 = of armies; bhārata5= O scion of Bharata Clan. 1.24
1.24: Sanjaya said:
O
Bharata (Dhrtarāstra), having been addressed by Gudakesana (Arjuna),
Hrsikesa (Lord Krishna) placed the best of chariots in the midst of both
armies. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् । उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति ॥१-२५॥ 1.25
bhīṣmadroṇapramukhataḥ sarveṣāṁ ca mahīkṣitām
bhīṣma1
droṇa2 pramukhataḥ3
sarveṣāṁ4 ca5
mahīkṣitām6
pramukhataḥ3 = Facing; bhīṣma1 = Bhishma; droṇa2 = Drona; ca5 = and; sarveṣāṁ4 = all; mahīkṣitām6 = Great Chiefs; [Lord Krishna]; uvāca7 = said; iti13 = thus: pārtha8 = O Partha (Arjuna); paśya9 = behold; etān10 = these; kurūn12 = Kauravas; samavetān11 = congregated here. 1.25
1.25: Facing Bhisma, Drona, and all
great chiefs (the Lord) said to Partha
thus:
Behold (all of) the Kurus gathered . Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः पितॄनथ पितामहान् । आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातॄन्पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा ॥१-२६॥ 1.26
tatrā 'paśyat sthitān
pārthaḥ pitṛn
atha pitāmahān
tatrā1
apaśyat2
sthitān3
pārthaḥ4
pitṛn5
atha6 pitāmahān7
pārthaḥ4 = Arjuna; apaśyat2 = saw; sthitān3 = standing; tatrā1 = there; pitṛn5 = fathers; atha6 = also; pitāmahān7 = grandfathers; ācāryān8 = Gurus; mātulān9 = maternal uncles; bhrātṛn10 = brothers; tathā14 = besides; putrān11 = sons; pautrān12 = grandsons; sakhīn13 = friends... 1.26
1.26: Partha could see standing there (on the battlefield) fathers, also grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends too, fathers-in-law, well-wishers and the armies of both sides... Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि । तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान् ॥१-२७॥ 1.27
śvaśurān
suhṛdaś cai 'va senayor ubhayor api
śvaśurān1
suhṛdaḥ2
ca3
eva4 senayoḥ5
ubhayoḥ6
api7
saḥ10 = He; kaunteyaḥ11 = Arjuna; samīkṣya9 = seeing; sarvān12 = all; śvaśurān1 = fathers-in-law; suhṛdaḥ2 = well-wishers; ca3 = and; eva4 = certainly; tān8 = those; bandhūn13 = relatives; avasthitān14 = assembled; api7 = besides; senayoḥ5 = [of] the armies; ubhayoḥ6 = of both sides. 1.27 continued
1.27 Arjuna seeing fathers-in-law, well-wishers and relatives assembled besides the armies of both sides... Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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कृपया परयाविष्टो विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत् । अर्जुन उवाच दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम् ॥१-२८॥ 1.28
kṛpayā
parayā 'viṣṭo
viṣīdann
idamabravīt
kṛpayā1
parayā2 āviṣṭaḥ3
viṣīdan4
idam5 abravīt6
āviṣṭaḥ3 = Overcome with; parayā2 = supreme; kṛpayā1 = compassion; viṣīdan4 = bemoaning; idam5 = this; [Arjuna] abravīt6 = spoke; kṛṣṇa10 = O Krishna; dṛṣṭvā7 = having seen; imam8 = these; svajanam9 = relatives; yuyutsum11 = intending to fight; samupasthitam12 = readying for [battle]... 1.28
1.28: Overcome by supreme compassion and bemoaning, Arjuna spoke, O Krishna, seeing these relatives with intention to fight and readying for battle... Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति । वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते ॥१-२९॥ 1.29
sīdanti mama gātrāṇi
mukhaṁ
ca pariśuṣyati
sīdanti1
mama2
gātrāṇi3
mukham4
ca5
pariśuṣyati6
Arjuna continues to speak: mama2 = My; gātrāṇi3 = limbs; sīdanti1 = are afflicted with fatigue; ca5 = and; mukham4 = mouth; pariśuṣyati6 = is parched; ca8 = and; [I feel] vepathuḥ7 = tremulousness; śarīre9 = of the body; ca12 = and; me10 = my; roma-harṣaḥ11 = horripilation; jāyate13 = is happening. 1.29
1.29: My limbs are afflicted with fatigue; my mouth is parched; my body is trembling; my hair stands on end. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते । न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं भ्रमतीव च मे मनः ॥१-३०॥ 1.30
gāṇḍīvaṁ sraṁsate hastāt tvak
cai 'va paridahyate
gāṇḍīvam1
sraṁsate2
hastāt3
tvak4
ca5
eva6
paridahyate7
Arjuna spoke: gāṇḍīvam1 = [My] bow; sraṁsate2 = is slipping and sliding; hastāt3 = from my hands; ca5 = and; eva6 = certainly; tvak4 = [my] skin; paridahyate7 = is burning; ca9 = and; [I] na8 = [am] not; śaknomi10 = able to; avasthātum11 = stand; ca14 = and; iva13 = as if; me15 = my manaḥ16 = mind; [is] bhramati12 = roving, reeling. 1.30 1.30: My bow is slipping from my hand; my skin is burning; I am unable to stand; my mind is reeling. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव । न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे ॥१-३१॥ 1.31
nimittāni ca
paśyāmi viparītāni keśava
nimittāni1
ca2
paśyāmi3
viparītāni4
keśava5
Arjuna said, keśava5 = O Kesava; [I] paśyāmi3 = see; viparītāni4 = adverse; nimittāni1 = omens; ca2 = and; na6 & anupaśyāmi9 = I am not6 prescient9; ca7 = also; [I see nothing] śreyaḥ8 = good; hatvā10 = by killing; svajanam11 = my own people; āhave12 = in battle. 1.31
1.31: Arjuna said: O Kesava, I see adverse omens; I foresee no good by killing my own people in battle. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च । किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ॥१-३२॥ 1.32
na kāṅkṣe
vijayaṁ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṁ sukhāni ca
na1
kāṅkṣe2
vijayam3
kṛṣṇa4
na5
ca6
rājyam7
sukhāni8
ca9
kṛṣṇa4 = O Krishna; [I have] na1 = no; kāṅkṣe2 = desire; vijayam3 = [for] victory; ca6 = and; na5 = no [desire for]; rājyam7 = kingdom; ca9 = and; sukhāni8 = happiness. govinda13 = O Govinda; kiṃ10 = of what use; naḥ11 = to us; rājyena12 = is the kingdom. kim14 = What; bhogaiḥ15 = pleasure; [is there] jīvitena16 = by living; vā17 = either. 1.32 1.32: O Krishna, I long neither for victory, nor for kingdom and nor for happiness. O Govinda, of what use is the kingdom, enjoyment, or living? Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च । त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ॥१-३३॥ 1.33
yeṣām arthe
kāṅkṣitaṁ no rājyaṁ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca
yeṣām1
arthe2
kāṅkṣitam3
naḥ4
rājyam5
bhogāḥ6
sukhāni7
ca8
yeṣām1 = For whose; arthe2 = cause; naḥ4 = our; rājyam5 = kingdom; bhogāḥ6 = enjoyment; ca8 = and; sukhāni7 = all pleasures; kāṅkṣitam3 = [are] desired. te9 & ime10 = These [people]; avasthitāḥ11 = stand; yuddhe12 = in this battlefield; [ready to] tyaktvā14 = relinquish; prāṇān13 = lives; ca16 = and; dhanāni15 = riches. 1.33
1.33: They, for
whose sake kingdom, enjoyment, and happiness are desired, are standing here
in the battlefield ready to give up their lives and riches. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः । मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः संबन्धिनस्तथा ॥१-३४॥ 1.34
ācāryāḥ
pitaraḥ putrās tathai 'va ca pitāmahāḥ
ācāryāḥ1
pitaraḥ2
putrāḥ3
tatha4
eva5
ca6
pitāmahāḥ7
ācāryāḥ1 = Gurus; pitaraḥ2 = fathers; putrāḥ3 = sons; tatha4 eva5 ca6 = in like manner; pitāmahāḥ7 = grandfathers; mātulāḥ8 = maternal uncles; śvaśurāḥ9 = fathers-in-law; pautrāḥ10 = grandsons; śyālāḥ11 = brothers-in-law; tathā13 = so also so; sambandhinaḥ12 = relatives. 1.34
1.34: Teachers,
fathers, sons, as well as grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law,
grandsons, brothers-in-law, and other relatives. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन । अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते ॥१-३५॥ 1.35
etān na hantum icchhāmi
ghnato 'pi madhusūdana
etān1
na2
hantum3
icchhāmi4
ghnataḥ5
api6
madhusūdana7
madhusūdana7 = O Madhusudhana, ghnataḥ5 & api6 = though there is a prospect of being killed; na2 & icchhāmi4 = I do not2 want; hantum3 = to kill; etān1 = all these [people]; api8 = even; hetoḥ10 = for the reason, for the sake of; [gaining] trailokyarājyasya9 = of the three worlds kingdom. [Is there] kim11 & nu12 = any need to elaborate [that I do not wish to kill] mahī-kṛte13 = for the sake of earth. 1.35
1.35: I do not
want to kill them, though they (want to) kill me, O Madhusudhana, even for
the three worlds, not to speak of an earthly kingdom. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन । पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः ॥१-३६॥
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrān
naḥ
kā prītiḥ syāj janārdana
nihatya1
dhārtarāṣṭrān2
naḥ3
kā1
prītiḥ4
syāt5
janārdana6
janārdana6 = O Janardhana; nihatya1 = by killing; dhārtarāṣṭrān2 = the sons of Dhristarastra; kā1 = what; naḥ3 = our; prītiḥ4 = happiness; syāt5 = can there be. pāpam = Sin; evā7 = certainly; aśrayet8 = comes upon; asmān9 = us; hatva10 = by killing; etān11 = all these; ātatāyinaḥ12 = heinous sinners. 1.36
1.36: By
killing the sons of Dhrtrastra, what pleasure can there be? O Janardhana,
upon killing these
heinous sinners,
sin will
descend on us. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान् । स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥१-३७॥ 1.37
tasmān nā
'rhā vayaṃ hantuṁ dhārtarāṣṭrān
svabāndhavān
tasmāt1
na1
arhāḥ2
vayaṃ3
hantum4
dhārtarāṣṭrān5
svabāndhavān6
mādhava13 = O Mahdava, tasmāt1 = therefore; [it is]; na arhāḥ2 = not deserving of; vayaṃ3 = us; hantum4 = to kill; dhārtarāṣṭrān5 = the sons of Dhrtarastra; svabāndhavān6 = our relatives; svajanam7 = our own people. hi8 = Certainly; katham9 = how; hatvā10 = by slaying; [can we] syāma12 = become; hsukhinaḥ11 = happy. 1.37
1.37:
Therefore, it is not becoming of us that we kill the sons of Dhritrastra.
How, by killing kinsmen, can we become happy O Madhava? Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः । कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥१-३८॥ 1.38
yady apy ete
na paśyanti lobhopahatacetasaḥ
yadi1api2
ete3 na4
paśyanti5 lobha6
upahata7 cetasaḥ8
adi1= If; api2 = certainly; ete3 = they [whose] cetasaḥ8 = minds; upahata7 = are afflicted by; lobha6 = greed; na4 = do not; paśyanti5 =see; pātakam14 = sins; [in the]; kula-kṣaya9 = annihilation of the family; ca13 = and kṛtam10 = performance of; doṣam11 = vice; [and] mitra-drohe12 = treachery to friends. 1.38
1.38: Even if they, whose minds are
overwhelmed by greed, do not see sin in the ruin of the family, or crime in
treachery to friends… Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् । कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥१-३९॥ 1.39
kathaṁ na
jñeyam asmābhiḥ pāpād asmān nivartitum
katham1
na2
jñeyam3
asmābhiḥ4
pāpāt5
asmāt6
nivartitum7
katham1 na2 jñeyam3 asmābhiḥ4 = Why is that we do not have the wisdom; nivartitum7 = to turn away; asmāt6 pāpāt5 = from these sins; janārdana12 = O Janardhana? prapaśyadbhiḥ11 = We see; doṣam10 = the vice; [of] kula-kṣaya8 = the ruin of family; kṛtam9 = happening. 1.39
1.39: Why should not we have the
wisdom to see the crime in the ruin of the family O Janardhana, and turn
away from the sins? Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः । धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत ॥१-४०॥ 1.40
kulakṣaye
praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ
kulak-ṣaye1
praṇaśyanti2 kula-dharmāḥ3
sanātanāḥ4
kula-kṣaye1 = With the ruin of the family; sanātanāḥ4 = the eternal; Kula-dharmāḥ3 = family values; praṇaśyanti2 = come to destruction. naṣṭe6 = After ruin; dharme5 = of righteousness; adharmaḥ9 = unrighteousness; abhibhavati10 uta11 = overtakes; kṛtsnam8 = the entire; kulaṃ7 = family. 1.40
1.40: With the ruin of the family,
the eternal kula dharma is destroyed. When dharma is destroyed, the whole
family turns to adharma. Kula-dharmāḥ3 : Established order of the family, family institution. dharma5 : Established order. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः । स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसंकरः ॥१-४१॥ 1.41
adharmābhibhavāt kṛṣṇa
praduṣyanti
kulastriyaḥ
adharma1
abhibhavāt2
kṛṣṇa3
praduṣyant4
kula-striyaḥ5
Kṛṣṇa3 = O Krishna; [with the] abhibhavāt2 = ascendance of; adharma1 = Unrighteousness; kula-striyaḥ5 = family-women; praduṣyant4 = undergo corruption; vārṣṇeya8 = O scion of Vrsni. duṣṭāsu7 = Corruption of; strīṣu6 = women; jāyate9 = results in; varṇa-saṁkaraḥ10 = intermingling of castes. 1.41
1.41: When
Adharma prevails, O Krishna, the women of the family become morally corrupt,
and when women are tainted, O Varsneya (Krishna), Varna Samkara comes into
existence. To this day in India, women bear the heavier burden than men in guarding morality and any scrofulousness on their part brings disproportionably erosive shame to the family. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च । पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥१-४२॥ 1.42
saṅkaro
narakāyai 'va kulaghnānāṃ kulasya ca
saṅkaraḥ1
narakāya2
kula-ghnānāṃ4
kulasya5
ca6 saṅkaraḥ1 = Commingling of castes; narakāya2 = drives to hell; kula-ghnānāṃ4 = the destroyers of the family; ca6 = and; kulasya5 = the family; eva3 = for sure. pitaraḥ8 = Forefathers; hi9 = surely; patanti7 = fall down; lupta11 = deprived of; kriyāḥ14 = performance of; eṣām10 = their; piṇḍa12 = offering of rice; [and] udaka13 = water. 1.42
1.42:
Commingling (of castes) brings hell to the family and those who
destroyed the race. The spirits of the ancestors fall, deprived of their
offerings of food and water.
Purport:
Because of commingling of castes,
the family and the destroyers of the race go to hell. The spirit of the
ancestor falls, deprived of the offerings of food and water. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
| दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसरकारकैः । उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः ॥१-४३॥ 1.43
doṣair etaiḥ kulaghnānāṁ
varṇasaṁkarakārakaiḥ
doṣaiḥ1
etaiḥ2
kula-ghnānām3
varṇa-saṅkara4
kārakaiḥ5
doṣaiḥ1 = By such vices; etaiḥ2 = all these; varṇa-saṅkara4 = miscegenation of races; kula-ghnānām3 = by the perpetrators of destruction of family; [and] kārakaiḥ5 = by the causers; śāśvatāḥ10 = eternal and traditional; jāti-dharmāḥ7 = Jati Dharma or Caste duties; ca9 = and; kuladharmāḥ8 = Family duties; utsādyante6 = come to destruction. 1.43
1.43: By such evil deeds such as
kula ghānām and Varna Sankara, eternal Jāti dharmā and kula dharmā are
destroyed. Ramanuja: By the sins of the clan-destroyers who bring about inter-mixture of classes, the ancient tradition of the clan and class are destroyed. --Translation from Sanskrit to English by Svami Adidevananda. Sankara: Due to these misdeeds of the ruiners of the family, which cause intermingling of castes, the traditional rites and duties of the castes and families become destroyed. --Translation from Sanskrit to English by Swami Gambhirananda. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन । नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम ॥१-४४॥ 1.44
utsannakuladharmāṇāṁ manuṣyāṇāṁ janārdana
utsanna1
kula-dharmāṇām2 manuṣyāṇām3
janārdana4
anuśuśruma10 = we have heard it said; manuṣyāṇām3 = those men whose; kula-dharmāṇām2 = family duties; utsanna1 = having been abolished; janārdana4 = O Janardana; iti9 = thus; niyatam6 = eternally; bhavatī8 = happen; vāsaḥ7 = to dwell; narake5 = in hell. 1.44
1.44: We have heard it said (by the
learned) that those men, whose kula dharma is destroyed, O Janardana, would
always dwell in hell. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् । यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥१-४५॥ 1.45
aho
bata mahat pāpaṁ
kartuṁ vyavasitā vayam
ahaḥ1
bata2 mahat3
pāpam4
kartum5 vyavasitā6
vayam7
ahaḥ1 = Alas; bata2 = oh; vayam7 = we; vyavasitā6 = resolved; kartum5 = to do; mahat3 = great; pāpam4 = sin; udyatāḥ13 = ready and eager; hantum11 = to kill; svajanam12 = our people; [for] yat8 = that; rājya9 sukha-lobhena10 = longing for kingdom and happiness [kingdom-happiness-longing for]. 1.45
1.45: Alas! We have decided to
commit great sins, by getting ready to kill our kinsmen because of greed for
the pleasures of kingdom. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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यदि मामप्रतीकारमशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः । धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत् ॥१-४६॥ 1.46
yadi mām apratīkāram aśastraṁ
śastrapāṇayaḥ
yadi1
mām2
apratīkāram3
aśastram4
śastrapāṇayaḥ5
tat9 bhavet12 kṣemataram11 me10 = It9 would be12 better11 for me10; yadi1 dhārtarāṣṭrā6 śastrapāṇayaḥ5 hanyuḥ8 raṇe7 = if1 the sons of Dhritrastra6 with weapons on hand5 were to kill me8 on the battlefield7; mām2 aśastram4 apratīkāram3 = while I remain2 without weapons4 and without retaliation3. 1.46
1.46: Better would it be for me, if
the sons of Dhritrastra with weapons on hand were to kill me on the
battlefield, while I, unarmed, offer no resistance. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
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सञ्जय उवाच एवमुक्त्वार्जुनः सख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् । विसृज्य सशरं चापं शोकसंविग्नमानसः ॥१-४७॥ 1.47 Saṅjaya uvāca
evam uktvā 'rjunaḥ saṅkhye
rathopastha upāviśat Saṅjaya uvāca
evam1
uktvā2
arjunaḥ3
saṅkhye4
rathopastha5
upāviśat6
Saṅjaya uvāca: = Sanjaya said: evam1 = thus; uktvā2 = saying; arjunaḥ3 = Arjuna; saṅkhye4 = in the battlefield; upāviśat6 = sat down; rathopastha5 = on the seat of the chariot; visṛjya7 = laying aside; cāpam9 = the bow; sa-śaram8 = alongside the arrows; [with] śoka10 = sorrow; saṁvigna11 = agitating mānasaḥ12 = in his mind. 1.47
1.47: Sanjaya said:
Thus
saying in the battlefield, Arjuna sat down on the seat of the chariot,
laying aside his bow and arrow with his mind taken over by sorrow. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
End Chapter 01 Arjuna's Distress