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Bhagavadgita Pages in English, Chapters 1 to 18

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Bhagavad-Gita: 18 Chapters in Sanskrit

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Download Bhagavadgita-all 18 chapters in Sanskrit, English,
transliteration and word for word translation.

 

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www.bhagavadgitausa.com

V.Krishnaraj

Search Wikipedia:

References:

S = Sankara; R = Ramanuja; RN = Radhakrishnan.

Monier-Williams, 'Sanskrit-English Dictionary'

Chapter 01: Arjuna's distress

Original date of web publication: May 10, 2009

 

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच 

धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः ।

मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ॥१-१॥ 1.1

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
dharmak
etre kuruketre samavetā yuyutsava
māmakāḥ pāṇḍ
avāś cai 'va kim akurvata sañjaya 1.1

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
dharmak
etra
1 kuru-ketre2 samavetā3 yuyutsava4
māmakāḥ
5 pāṇḍavā6 ca7 eva8 kim9 akurvata
10 sañjaya11 1.1

 

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca = Dhrtarastra said:

sañjaya11 = O Sanjaya [a charioteer, a friend and secretary was acting as a reporter to the blind king Dhrtarastra, the father of Kauravas]; samavetā3 = assembled in; dharmaketra1 = Dharmaksetra [the Field of Dharma or righteousness];  kuru-ketre2 = Kuruksetra [the Field of the Kurus]; yuyutsava4 = desiring battle; eva8 & kim9 = exactly what; māmakāḥ5 = my people [Kauravas]; ca7 = and; pāṇḍavā6 = Pandavas; akurvata10 = did do?  1.1

 

1.1: Dhritarāstra said:

Assembled in Dharmaksetra and Kuruksetra eager for battle, what did my people and the sons of Pandu do, O Sanjaya? 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

सञ्जय उवाच 

दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।

आचार्यमुपसंगम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत्  ॥१-२॥ 1.2

sañjaya uvāca
dṛṣṭ
vā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṁ vyūḍhaṁ duryodhanas tadā
ācāryam upasa
gamya rājā vacanam abravīt 1.2

Sañjaya uvāca
dṛṣṭ
1 tu2ṇḍav-ānīkam3 vyūḍham4 duryodhana5 tadā6

ācāryam7 upasagamya8 rājā9 vacanam10 abravīt11     1.2

 

Sañjaya uvāca = Sanjaya said: tadā6 = When, at that time; rājā9 duryodhana5 = King Duryodhana; dṛṣṭ1 tu2 = upon seeing; ṇḍav-ānīkam3 =  the soldiers of the Pandavas; vyūḍham4 = in battle formation; upasagamya8 = approached; ācāryam7 = Acharya Drona; [and] abravīt11 = uttered; vacanam10 = [these] words.   1.2

 

1.2: Sanjaya said:

Seeing the Pandava army in battle formation, Duryodhana approached his teacher and spoke these words.

Drona was his Guru. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम् ।

व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता ॥१-३॥ 1.3

paśyaitāṁ pāṇḍuputrāṇām ācārya mahatī camūm
vyūḍhāṁ drupadaputreṇ
a tava śiṣyeṇa dhīmatā 1.3

paśya1 etāṁ2 pāṇḍu-putrāṇām3 ācārya4 mahatīm5 camūm6
vyūḍhām
7
drupada-putreṇa8 tava9 śiṣyeṇa10 dhīmatā11

 

ācārya4 = O Acharya Drona; paśya1 = behold; etām2 = this; mahatīm5 = very great; camūm6 = army; pāṇḍu-putrāṇām3 = of the sons of Pandu; vyūḍhām7 = in battle formation; [deployed] drupada-putreṇa8 =  by the son of Drupada; tava9 = your; dhīmatā11 = intelligent; śiṣyeṇa10 = disciple.  1.3


1.3: Behold this great army of the sons of Pandu deployed in battle formation by the son of Drupada, your intelligent disciple, O teacher. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि ।

युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥१-४॥ 1.4

atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjunasamā yudhi
yuyudhāno virā
aś ca drupadaś ca mahāratha 1.4

atra1 śūrā2  maheṣvāsā3  bhīmārjuna4 samā5  yudhi6
yuyudhāna
7  virāa8 ca9 drupada
10 ca11 mahāratha12 1.4

 

atra1 =  Here; [are] śūrā2  = the heroes; ca9 = and; maheṣvāsā3 = the Great archers; samā5 = equal; [to] bhīmārjuna4 = Bhima and Arjuna; yudhi6 = in battle: yuyudhāna7 = Yuyudhana; virāa8 = Virata;   drupada10 = Drupada; ca11 = and; mahāratha12 = Great Charioteer. 1.4


1.4: Here are the heroes and the great archers equal to Bhima and Arjuna in battle: Yuyudhana, Virata, and Drupada, the great charioteer.   

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् ।

पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः ॥१-५॥ 1.5

dhṛṣṭaketuś cekitānaḥ kāśirājaś ca vīryavān
purujit kuntibhojaś ca śaibyaś ca narapungavaḥ 1.5

dhṛṣṭaketu1 cekitāna2 kāśirāja3 ca4 vīryavān5
purujit6
kuntibhoja7 ca8 śaibya9 ca10 narapungavaḥ11

 

dhṛṣṭaketu1 = Dhristaketu; cekitāna2 = Cekitana; vīryavān5 = valiant; kāśirāja3 = Kasiraja' ca4 = and;  purujit6 = Purujit; kuntibhoja7 = Kuntibhoja; ca8 = and; śaibya9 = Saibya ca10 = and;  narapungavaḥ11 = foremost among men.  1.5

 

1.5: Dhristaketu, Cekitana, valiant Kasiraja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and Saibya, the foremost among men. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान् ।

सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः  ॥१-६॥ 1.6

yudhāmanyuś ca vikrānta uttamaujāś ca vīryavān
saubhadro draupadeyāś ca sarva eva mahārathāḥ 1.6

yudhāmanyu1 ca2 vikrānta3 uttamaujā4 ca5 vīryavān6
saubhadra
7 draupadeyā8 ca9 sarva10 eva11 mahārathāḥ12  1.6

 

yudhāmanyu1 = Yudhamanyu;  vikrānta3 = the valiant; ca2 = and; uttamaujā4 = Uttamauja; vīryavān6 = the powerful;  ca5 = and; saubhadra7 = son of Sabhadra; ca9 = and; draupadeyā8 = sons of Draupadi [are];  sarva10 = all;  eva11 = indeed;  mahārathāḥ12 = the Great Charioteers (fighters).   1.6

 

1.6: Yudhamanyu the valiant, Uttamauja the powerful, the son of Subhadra, and the sons of Draupadi are great chariot fighters. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम ।

नायका मम सैन्यस्य संज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते  ॥१-७॥ 1.7

asmākaṁ tu viśiṣṭā ye tān nibodha dvijottama
nāyakā mama sainyasya saṁjñārthaṁ tān bravīmi te 1.7

asmākam1 tu2 viśiṣṭā3 ye4 tān5 nibodha6 dvijottama7
nāyakā
8 mama9  sainyasya10  saṁjñā-artham11  tān12  bravīmi13  te14  1.7

 

 tu2 = But; dvijottama7 = O the Best among Brahmanas; nibodha6 = know; tān5 =  them; [as] viśiṣṭā3 = the most distinguished; [on] asmākam1 = our [side] ;  saṁjñā-artham11 te14 = for your information; [I] bravīmi13 = will name;  tān12 = them; nāyakā8 = the leaders; [of] mama9  = my; sainyasya10  = soldiers.  1.7

 

1.7: Know also, O Dvija Uttama, the distinguished leaders of the army. I will name them for your information. Dvija-Uttama: The “twice-born supreme,” the best of the twice-born Brahmanas.   

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिंजयः ।

अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च  ॥१-८॥ 1.8

bhavān bhīṣmaś ca kar ca kpaś ca samitiṁjayaḥ
aśvatthāmā vikarṇ
ca saumadattis tathai 'va ca 1.8

bhavān1 bhīṣma2  ca3 kara4 ca5 kpa6 ca7 samitiṁjayaḥ8
aśvatthāmā
9 vikarṇa
10 ca11 saumadatti12 tathā13 eva14 ca15 1.8

 

bhavān1 = [Like] Yourself; ca3 = and; bhīṣma2 = Bhisma;  ca5 = and;  kara4 = Karna;    kpa6 = Krpa;  ca7 = and; aśvatthāmā9 = Asvatthama;  ca11 = and; vikarṇa10 = Vikarna;  ca15 = and; saumadatti12 = the son of Somadatta; tathā13 & eva14 =  likewise; samitiṁjayaḥ8 = ever victorious in battle. 1.8

 

1.8: (Like) yourself, Bhishma, Karna, Kripa, Asvatthama. Vikarna, and the sons of Somadatta as well, ever victorious in battle.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अन्ये च बहवः शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः ।

नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः  ॥१-९॥ 1.9

anye ca bahavaḥ śūrā madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ
nānāśastrapraharaṇāḥ sarve yuddhaviśāradāḥ 1.9

anye1 ca2 bahavaḥ3 śūrā4 mad-arthe5 tyakta-jīvitāḥ6
nānā7 śastra8 praharaṇāḥ9 sarve
10 yuddha11 viśāradāḥ12  1.9

 

anye1 = Many others; ca2 = and; bahavaḥ3 = many;  śūrā4 = heroes; tyakta-jīvitāḥ6 = those willing to sacrifice their lives; mad-arthe5 = for me; nānā7 śastra8 praharaṇāḥ9 = ready and equipped with many weapons [many-weapons-ready and equipped with]; sarve10 = all of them; yuddha11 viśāradāḥ12 = skilled in12 war111.9

 

1.9: Many other heroes have risked their lives for my sake. They are equipped with many  weapons, and all of them are skilled in war.   

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम् ।

पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम्  ॥१-१०॥ 1.10

aparyāptaṁ tad asmākaṁ balaṁ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam
paryāpta
ṃ tv idam eteṣāṁ balaṁ bhīmābhirakṣitam 1.10

aparyāptam1 tat2 asmākam3 balam4 bhīṣma5 abhirakṣitam6
paryāpta
7 tu8 idam9 eteṣām
10 balam11 bhīma12 abhirakṣitam13     1.10 

     .

tat2 = That; balam4 = strength; asmākam3 = of ours; aparyāptam1 = is unlimited; abhirakṣitam6 = protected by; bhīṣma5 = Bhisma; tu8 = but; idam9 = this; balam11 = strength; eteṣām10 = of theirs [Pandavas]; abhirakṣitam13 = protected by; bhīma12 = Bhima; paryāpta7 = is limited. 1.10

 

1.10: Our strength is unlimited, protected by Bhisma. Protected by Bhima, the strength of Pandavas is limited. 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः ।

भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि  ॥१-११॥ 1.11

ayaneṣu ca sarveṣu yathābhāgam avasthitāḥ
bhīṣmam evā  'bhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva eva hi 1.11

ayaneṣu1 ca2 sarveṣu3 yathā-bhāgam4 avasthitāḥ5
bhīṣmam6 evā7  abhirakṣantu8 bhavantaḥ9 sarva
10 eva11 hi12   1.11

 

sarveṣu3 = All; ayaneṣu1 ca2 = On all fronts, yathā-bhāgam4 = whatever (allotment) rank and file; bhavantaḥ9 = you are; avasthitāḥ5 = staying fixed; [offer] abhirakṣantu8 = support; [to] bhīṣmam6 = Bhishma;  evā7 = certainly; sarva10 eva11  hi12 = all without remiss.  1.11

 

1.11: All of you, stationed everywhere on all fronts in your respective positions, protect Bhisma without remiss.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

तस्य संजनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ।

सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान्  ॥१-१२॥ 1.12

tasya sañjanayan harṣaṃ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ
siṃhanādaṃ vinadyocchaiḥ śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau pratāpavān 1.12

tasya1 sañjanayan2 harṣaṃ3 kuru-vṛddhaḥ4 pitāmahaḥ5
siṃha-nādaṃ6 vinadya7 ucchaiḥ8 śaṅkhaṃ9 dadhmau
10 pratāpavān11  1.12   

.

pratāpavān11 = Valiant; pitāmahaḥ5 = Grandfather Bhishma; kuru-vṛddhaḥ4 = the eldest of the Kurus; sañjanayan2 = to raise; tasya1 = his (Duryodhana); harṣaṃ3 = cheer; [roared making]; vinadya7 = reverberating; siṃha-nādaṃ6 = lion's sound [and] dadhmau10 = blew; śaṅkhaṃ9 = the conch; ucchaiḥ8 = loudly.  1.12

 

1.12: The valiant Bhishma, the elder of the Kurus and the grandfather, roared like a lion and blew his conch loudly to cheer up Duryodhana.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः ।

सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत्  ॥१-१३॥ 1.13

tata śaṅkhāś ca bheryaś ca paṇavānakagomukhāḥ
sahasai  'vā  'bhyahanyanta sa śabdas tumulo 'bhavat 1.13

tataḥ śaṅkhā ca bherya ca paṇava-anaka go-mukhāḥ
sahas
ā  evā  abhyahanyanta sa śabda tumula abhavat 1.13

 

tata= Thereafter; śaṅkhā = conch; ca = and  bherya = bugles;  ca = and; paṇava-anaka = trumpets and drums;  go-mukhāḥ = cow-horns;  sahasā  evā = all at once; abhyahanyanta = sounded.  sa = That;  śabda = sound;  abhavat = became; tumula = tumultuous.   1.13

 

1.13: Thereafter, conches, kettledrums, trumpets, tabors, and horns were sounded all together. It was a tumultuous riot.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ ।

माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः  ॥१-१४॥ 1.14

tataḥ śvetair hayair yukte mahati syandane sthitau
mādhavaḥ pāṇḍ
avaś cai 'va divyau śakhau pradaghmatuḥ 1.14

tataḥ1 śvetai2 hayai3 yukte4 mahati5 syandane6 sthitau7
mādhavaḥ
8 pāṇḍava ca eva9 divyau10 śakhau11 pradaghmatu12

 

tataḥ1 = Thereafter; mādhavaḥ8 = Madhava [Krishna];  pāṇḍava ca eva9 = and Pandava [Arjuna]; sthitau7 = seated;  mahati5 = on the great;  syandane6 = chariot; yukte4 = yoked; śvetai2 = to the white;  hayai3 = horses;   pradaghmatu12 = sounded; divyau10 = the divine;  śakhau11 = conches.   1.14

 

1.14: Thereafter, Madhava and Pandava (Lord Krishna and Arjuna) sitting on the great chariot yoked with white horses sounded the divine conches.  

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः ।

पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः  ॥१-१५॥ 1.15

pāñcajanyaṁ hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṁ dhanañjayaḥ
pauṇḍraṁ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṁ bhīmakarmā vṛkodaraḥ 1.15

pāñcajanyam1 hṛṣīkeśa2 devadattam3 dhanañjayaḥ4
pauṇḍram5 dadhmau6 mahā-śaṅkham7 bhīma-karmā8 vṛkodaraḥ9  1.15  

      .

hṛṣīkeśa2 = Hrisikesa [krishna]; dadhmau6 = blew; [His] pāñcajanyam1 = Panchajanya; dhanañjayaḥ4 = Arjuna; [blew] devadattam3 = Devadatta;  vṛkodaraḥ9 = Vrkodara; bhīma-karmā8 = of terrible deeds; [blew] mahā-śaṅkham7 = the Great Conch; pauṇḍram5 = Paundram.  1.15

 

1.15: Hrisikesa blew His conch, Pāchajanya; Dhanajaya blew his conch, Devadatta; and Bhima the big eater and formidable doer of deeds blew his big conch, Paundra.

  Hrisikesa is Lord Krishna, Dhananjaya is Arjuna and Virokdara [Bhima] is Arjuna's sibling. Panchajanya, Devadatta and Paundram are the names of conches of the respective personas.

Bhima means 'The Terrible', and thus are the epithet Bhima and eponymous acts, Bhima Karma (= terrible deeds).

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।

नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ  ॥१-१६॥ 1.16

anantavijayaṁ rājā kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
nakulaḥ sahadevaś ca sughoṣamaṇipuṣpakau 1.16

anantavijayam1 rājā2 kuntī-putra3 yudhiṣṭhiraḥ4
nakulaḥ5 sahadeva
6 ca7 sughoṣa-maṇipuṣpakau8 1.16    

 

kuntī-putra3 = Son of Kunti; rājā2 = king; yudhiṣṭhiraḥ4 = Yudhithira; [blew]; anantavijayam1 = the Conch by name Anantavijayam. nakulaḥ5 = Nakula; ca7 = and; sahadeva6 = Shadeva; [blew]; sughoṣa-maṇipuṣpakau8 = the Conches Sughosa and Manipuspaka. 1.16

 

1.16: Son of Kunti, king Yudhithira blew the Conch by name Anantavijayam; Nakula and Shadeva blew the Conches Sughosa and Manipuspaka.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः ।

धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः  ॥१-१७॥ 1.17

kāśyaś ca parameṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahāratha
dhṛṣṭ
adyumno virāaś ca sātyakiś cā 'parājita 1.17

kāśya1 ca2 parameṣvāsaḥ3 śikhaṇḍī4 ca5 mahāratha6
dhṛṣṭ
adyumna
7 virāa8 ca9 sātyaki
10 ca11 aparājita12  1.17         

  

kāśya1 = Kasi Raja; parameṣvāsaḥ3 = the wielder of the great bow; ca2 = and;  śikhaṇḍī4 = Sikhandi; mahāratha6 = the great charioteer; ca5 = and; dhṛṣṭadyumna7 = Dhrstadhyumna; ca9 = and; virāa8 = Virata; ca11 = and; sātyaki10 = Satyaki; aparājita12  = who has never known defeat.  1.17

 

1.17: Kasi Raja, the wielder of the great bow, Sikhandi, the great Charioteer, Dhrstadhyumna, Virata, and Satyaki, who has never known defeat...

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते ।

सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक्  ॥१-१८॥ 1.18
drupado draupadeyāś ca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpate
saubhadraś ca mahābāhu
ḥ śaṅkhān dadhmuḥ pṛthak-pṛthak 1.18

drupada1 draupadeyā2 ca3 sarvaśa4 pṛthivī-pate5
saubhadra
6 ca7 mahā-bāhu8 śaṅkhān9 dadhmuḥ10 pṛthak-pṛthak11   1.18  

 

drupada1 = King Drupada; ca3 = and; draupadeyā2 = the sons of Draupadi; ca7 = and; mahā-bāhu8 = mighty-armed; saubhadra6 = son of Subhadra; sarvaśa4 = all; dadhmuḥ10 = blew; śaṅkhān9 = [their respective] conches; pṛthak-pṛthak11 = separately-separately [one by one];  pṛthivīpate5 = O King of Earth. 1.18

   

1.18: O King, king Drupada, the sons of Draupadi and the mighty-armed son of Subhadra blew the conches one by one, separately.

 

Yuddhisthira, Arjuna, Bhima, Nakula and Sahadeva are the five brothers collectively known as the Pandavas [the five-some or the pentad].  Yudhisthira, Bhima and Arjuna are the sons of King Pandu and Kunti; Nakula and Sahadeva are twins born of King Pandu and Madri.  Draupadi is married to the Pandavas, the five siblings.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत् ।

नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन्  ॥१-१९॥ 1.19

sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṁ hṛdayāni vyadārayat
nabhaś ca pṛthivīṁ cai 'va tumulo vyanunādayan 1.19

sah1 ghoṣa2 dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām3 hṛdayāni4 vyadārayat5
nabha
6 ca7 pṛthivīm8 ca9  eva10  tumula
11 vyanunādayan12  1.19  

 

sah1 = That;  ghoṣa2 = sound; tumula11 = tumult [tumultuous roar of the conches]; vyanunādayan12 = reverberating through; nabha6 = the sky; ca7 = and;  pṛthivīm8 = the earth; vyadārayat5 = split; hṛdayāni4 = the hearts; ca9 eva10 = indeed of;  dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām3 = the sons of Dhrtarastra.  1.19

 

1.19: The tumultuous roar (of the conches), reverberating through the sky and the earth, tore the hearts of the sons of Dhritarastra (the Kauravas). 

The Pandavas are the righteous kings and the Kauravas are the usurpers of the kingdom of Pandavas. The roar of the conches of the Pandavas shattered the hearts of the unrighteous, a clue to the outcome.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः ।

प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसंपाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः  ॥१-२०॥ 1.20

atha vyavasthitān dṛṣṭ dhārtarāṣṭrān  kapidhvaja
pravṛ
tte śastrasapāte dhanur udyamya pāṇḍava 1.20

atha1 vyavasthitān2 dṛṣṭ3 dhārtarāṣṭrān4  kapidhvaja5
pravṛ
tte6 śastrasapāte7 dhanu
8 udyamya9ṇḍava10 1.20

 

ṇḍava10 = The Pandava [Arjuna], the son of Pandu; kapidhvaja5 = one with Hanuman's flag; atha1 = thereupon;  dṛṣṭ3 = seeing;  dhārtarāṣṭrān4 = the sons of Dhristarastra; vyavasthitān2 = standing in position; pravṛtte6 = getting ready to engage; udyamya9 = [Arjuna] hoisted up; dhanu8 = the bow; [for] śastrasapāte7 = the launching of the arrows...  1.20

Arjuna takes a bird's eye view of the two armies.

1.20: O King, thereupon Arjuna, whose flag bore the crest of Hanuman, seeing the sons of Dhritarastra ready for battle, took up his bow.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते । 

अर्जुन उवाच सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत  ॥१-२१॥ 1.21

hṛṣīkeśaṁ tadā vākyam idam āha mahīpate
senayor ubhayor madhye rathaṁ sthāpaya me 'cyuta 1.21

hṛṣīkeśam1  tadā2  vākyam3  idam4  āha5  mahī-pate6
senayo
7  ubhayo8  madhye9  ratham10  sthāpaya11  me12  acyuta13   1.21  

  

tadā2 = At that time; Arjuna;  āha5 = said; idam4 = these; vākyam3 = words; hṛṣīkeśam1 = To Lord Hrsikesa (Krishna): acyuta13 = O Acyuta (Krishna, the Infallible); mahī-pate6 = O Great King; sthāpaya11 = stand; me12  = my; ratham10 = chariot; madhye9 = between;  ubhayo8 = the two; senayo7 = armies.  1.21

 

1.21: At that time Arjuna said these words to Lord Krishna: O Acyuta, O Great King, stand my chariot between the two armies.

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यावदेतान्निरिक्षेऽहं योद्‌धुकामानवस्थितान् ।

कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन् रणसमुद्यमे  ॥१-२२॥ 1.22

yāvad etān nirikṣehaṁ yoddhukāmān avasthitān
kair mayā saha yoddhavyam asmin raṇasamudyame 1.22

yāvat1 etān2 nirikṣe3 aham4 yoddhu-kāmān5 avasthitān6
kai
7 mayā8 saha9 yoddhavyam10 asmin11 raṇa12 samudyame13  1.22

 

yāvat1 = Until;  aham4 = I; nirikṣe3 =see; etān2 = all these [warriors];  kai7 & saha9 = with whom; yoddhavyam10 = [I have] to fight with; [who are] avasthitān6 = in battle formation; yoddhu-kāmān5 = lusting for a fight; mayā8 = with me; asmin11 = in this;  raṇa12 & samudyame13 = war effort.    1.22

 

I see these warriors with whom I have to fight and who are in battle formation lusting for a fight with me in this war effort.

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योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः ।

धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः  ॥१-२३॥ 1.23

yotsyamānān avekṣe 'haṁ ya ete 'tra samāgatāḥ
dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddher yuddhe priyacikīrṣavaḥ 1.23

yotsyamānān1 avekṣe2 aham3 ye4 ete5 atra6 samāgatāḥ7
dhārtarāṣṭrasya8 durbuddhe
9 yuddhe10 priyacikīrṣavaḥ11  1.23

 

aham3 = I; avekṣe2 = wish to see; yotsyamānān1 = the prospective fighters; ye4 = whoever; ete5 = they; [are] samāgatāḥ7 = assembled; atra6 = here; priyacikīrṣavaḥ11 = wishing to do good; [to] durbuddhe9 = the evil-minded; dhārtarāṣṭrasya8 = son of Dhrstarastra;  yuddhe10 = in the fight.  1.23

 

1.23: I wish to see those assembled here willing to fight and serve the evil-minded son of Dhrtarāstra.

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सञ्जय उवाच 

एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत ।

सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम्  ॥१-२४॥ 1.24

Sañjaya Uvāca:

evam ukto hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata
senayor ubhayor madhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam 1.24

Sañjaya Uvāca:

evam1 ukta2 hṛṣīkeśa3 guḍākeśena4 bhārata5

senayo7 ubhayo8 madhye9  sthāpayitvā10 rathottamam11  

Sañjaya Uvāca:= Sanjaya said:

evam1 = Thus; ukta2 = spoken to; guḍākeśena4 = by arjuna;  hṛṣīkeśa3 = Hrisikesa [Krishna]; sthāpayitvā10 = placed; rathottamam11  = the Highest Chariot. madhye9  = between; ubhayo8 = of both; senayo7 = of armies; bhārata5= O scion of Bharata Clan.   1.24

 

1.24: Sanjaya said:

O Bharata (Dhrtarāstra), having been addressed by Gudakesana (Arjuna), Hrsikesa (Lord Krishna) placed the best of chariots in the midst of both armies. 

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भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् ।

उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति  ॥१-२५॥ 1.25

bhīṣmadroṇapramukhataḥ sarveṣāṁ ca mahīkṣitām
uvāca pārtha paśyai 'tān samavetān kurūn iti 1.25

bhīṣma1 droṇa2 pramukhataḥ3 sarveṣāṁ4 ca5 mahīkṣitām6
uvāca7 pārtha8 paśyai9 etān
10 samavetān11 kurūn12 iti13  1.25

 

pramukhataḥ3 = Facing; bhīṣma1 = Bhishma;  droṇa2 = Drona; ca5 = and; sarveṣāṁ4 = all; mahīkṣitām6 = Great Chiefs; [Lord Krishna];  uvāca7 = said;  iti13 = thus: pārtha8 = O Partha (Arjuna);  paśya9 = behold; etān10 = these; kurūn12 = Kauravas; samavetān11 = congregated here. 1.25

 

1.25: Facing Bhisma, Drona, and all great chiefs (the Lord) said to Partha thus: Behold (all of) the Kurus gathered .

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तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः पितॄनथ पितामहान् ।

आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातॄन्पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा  ॥१-२६॥ 1.26

tatrā  'paśyat sthitān pārthaḥ pitṛn atha pitāmahān
ācāryān mātulān bhrāt
n putrān pautrān sakhīs tathā 1.26

tatrā1 apaśyat2 sthitān3 pārthaḥ4 pitṛn5 atha6 pitāmahān7
ācāryān8
mātulān9 bhrātn
10 putrān11 pautrān12 sakhīn13 tathā14   

 

pārthaḥ4 = Arjuna; apaśyat2 = saw; sthitān3 = standing; tatrā1 = there; pitṛn5 = fathers; atha6 = also; pitāmahān7 = grandfathers; ācāryān8 = Gurus; mātulān9 = maternal uncles;  bhrātn10 = brothers; tathā14 = besides; putrān11 = sons; pautrān12 = grandsons; sakhīn13 = friends...  1.26

 

1.26: Partha could see standing there (on the battlefield) fathers, also grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends too, fathers-in-law, well-wishers and the armies of both sides...

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श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि ।

तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान्  ॥१-२७॥ 1.27

śvaśurān suhṛdaś cai 'va senayor ubhayor api
tān samīkṣya sa kaunteyaḥ sarvān bandhūn avasthitān 1.27

śvaśurān1 suhṛda2 ca3 eva4 senayo5 ubhayo6 api7
tān8 samīkṣya9 sa
10 kaunteyaḥ11 sarvān12 bandhūn13 avasthitān14

 

sa10 = He; kaunteyaḥ11 = Arjuna; samīkṣya9 = seeing; sarvān12 = all; śvaśurān1 = fathers-in-law; suhṛda2 = well-wishers; ca3 = and; eva4 = certainly; tān8 = those; bandhūn13 = relatives; avasthitān14 = assembled; api7 = besides; senayo5 = [of] the armies; ubhayo6 = of both sides.  1.27 continued

 

1.27 Arjuna seeing fathers-in-law, well-wishers and relatives assembled besides the armies of both sides...

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कृपया परयाविष्टो विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत् । 

अर्जुन उवाच दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम्  ॥१-२८॥ 1.28

kṛpayā parayā 'viṣṭo viīdann idamabravīt
d
ṛṣṭve 'ma svajanaṁ kṛṣṇa yuyutsu samupasthitam 1.28

kṛpayā1 parayā2 āviṣṭa3 viīdan4 idam5 abravīt6
d
ṛṣṭve7 imam8 svajanam9 kṛṣṇa
10 yuyutsum11 samupasthitam12 1.28

 

āviṣṭa3 = Overcome with; parayā2 = supreme; kṛpayā1 = compassion; viīdan4 = bemoaning; idam5 = this; [Arjuna] abravīt6 = spoke;  kṛṣṇa10 = O Krishna; dṛṣṭvā7 = having seen;  imam8 = these; svajanam9 = relatives;  yuyutsum11 = intending to fight; samupasthitam12 = readying for [battle]...  1.28

 

1.28: Overcome by supreme compassion and bemoaning, Arjuna spoke, O Krishna, seeing these relatives with intention to fight and readying for battle...

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सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति ।

वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते  ॥१-२९॥ 1.29

sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukha ca pariśuṣyati
vepathuś ca śarīre me romahar
ca jāyate 1.29

sīdanti1 mama2 gātrāṇi3 mukham4 ca5 pariśuṣyati6
vepathu
7 ca8 śarīre9 me
10 roma-hara11 ca12 jāyate13   1.29

 

Arjuna continues to speak: mama2 = My; gātrāṇi3 = limbs; sīdanti1 = are afflicted with fatigue; ca5 = and; mukham4 = mouth; pariśuṣyati= is parched; ca8 = and; [I feel] vepathu7 = tremulousness;  śarīre9 = of the body; ca12 = and; me10 = my; roma-hara11 = horripilation;  jāyate13 = is happening.   1.29

 

1.29: My limbs are afflicted with fatigue; my mouth is parched; my body is trembling; my hair stands on end.

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गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते ।

न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं भ्रमतीव च मे मनः  ॥१-३०॥ 1.30

gāṇḍīvaṁ sraṁsate hastāt tvak cai 'va paridahyate
na ca śaknomy avasthātuṁ bhramatī 'va ca me manaḥ 1.30

gāṇḍīvam1 sraṁsate2 hastāt3 tvak4 ca5 eva6 paridahyate7
na8 ca9 śaknomi
10 avasthātum11 bhramati12 iva13 ca14 me15 manaḥ16  1.30

 

Arjuna spoke: gāṇḍīvam1 = [My] bow; sraṁsate2 = is slipping and sliding; hastāt3 = from my hands; ca5 = and; eva6 = certainly; tvak4 = [my] skin;  paridahyate7 = is burning; ca9 = and; [I] na8 = [am] not;  śaknomi10 = able to;  avasthātum11 = stand; ca14 = and;  iva13 = as if; me15 = my manaḥ16  = mind; [is] bhramati12 = roving, reeling. 1.30

1.30: My bow is slipping from my hand; my skin is burning; I am unable to stand; my mind is reeling. 

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निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव ।

न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे  ॥१-३१॥ 1.31

nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava
na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave 1.31

nimittāni1 ca2 paśyāmi3 viparītāni4 keśava5
na6 ca7 śreya
8 anupaśyāmi9 hatvā10 svajanam11 āhave12   1.31

 

Arjuna said, keśava5 = O Kesava; [I] paśyāmi3 = see; viparītāni4 = adverse; nimittāni1 = omens;  ca2 = and; na6 & anupaśyāmi9 = I am not6 prescient9; ca7 = also; [I see nothing] śreya8 = good; hatvā10 = by killing; svajanam11 = my own people; āhave12 = in battle.  1.31

 

1.31: Arjuna said: O Kesava, I see adverse omens; I foresee no good by killing my own people in battle.                            

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न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च ।

किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा  ॥१-३२॥ 1.32

na kāṅkṣe vijayaṁ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṁ sukhāni ca
kiṃ no rājyena govinda kiṁ bhogair jīvitena vā 1.32

na1 kāṅkṣe2 vijayam3 kṛṣṇa4 na5 ca6 rājyam7 sukhāni8 ca9
kiṃ
10 na11 rājyena12 govinda13 kim14 bhogai15 jīvitena1617  1.32

 

kṛṣṇa4 = O Krishna; [I have] na1 = no; kāṅkṣe2 = desire; vijayam3 = [for] victory; ca6 = and; na5 = no [desire for];  rājyam7 = kingdom; ca9 = and; sukhāni8 = happiness. govinda13 = O Govinda; kiṃ10 = of what use; na11 = to us; rājyena12 = is the kingdom.  kim14 = What; bhogai15 = pleasure; [is there] jīvitena16 = by living; 17 = either.  1.32

1.32: O Krishna, I long neither for victory, nor for kingdom and nor for happiness. O Govinda, of what use is the kingdom, enjoyment, or living?    

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येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ।

त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च  ॥१-३३॥ 1.33

yeṣām arthe kāṅkṣitaṁ no rājyaṁ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca
ta ime 'vasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṁs tyaktvā dhanāni ca 1.33

yeṣām1 arthe2 kāṅkṣitam3 na4 rājyam5 bhogāḥ6 sukhāni7 ca8
te9 ime
10 avasthitā11 yuddhe12 prāṇān13 tyaktvā14 dhanāni15 ca16 1.33

 

yeṣām1 = For whose; arthe2 = cause; na4 = our; rājyam5 = kingdom; bhogāḥ6 = enjoyment; ca8 = and; sukhāni7 = all pleasures; kāṅkṣitam3 = [are] desired.  te9 & ime10 = These [people]; avasthitā11 = stand; yuddhe12 = in this battlefield; [ready to] tyaktvā14 = relinquish;  prāṇān13 = lives; ca16 = and; dhanāni15 = riches.  1.33

 

1.33: They, for whose sake kingdom, enjoyment, and happiness are desired, are standing here in the battlefield ready to give up their lives and riches.

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आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः ।

मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः संबन्धिनस्तथा  ॥१-३४॥ 1.34

ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrās tathai 'va ca pitāmahāḥ
mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ sambandhinas tathā 1.34

ācāryāḥ1  pitaraḥ2  putrā3  tatha4  eva5  ca6  pitāmahāḥ7
 mātulāḥ8  śvaśurāḥ9  pautrāḥ10  śyālāḥ11  sambandhina12  tathā13  

 

ācāryāḥ1 = Gurus; pitaraḥ2 = fathers;  putrā3 = sons; tatha4 eva5  ca6 = in like manner;  pitāmahāḥ7 = grandfathers; mātulāḥ8 = maternal uncles; śvaśurāḥ9 = fathers-in-law; pautrāḥ10 = grandsons; śyālāḥ11 = brothers-in-law; tathā13 = so also so; sambandhina12 = relatives.  1.34

 

1.34: Teachers, fathers, sons, as well as grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and other relatives.  

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एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन ।

अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते  ॥१-३५॥ 1.35

etān na hantum icchhāmi ghnato 'pi madhusūdana
api trailokyarājyasya hetoḥ kiṁ nu mahīkṛ
te 1.35

etān1 na2 hantum3 icchhāmi4 ghnata5 api6 madhusūdana7
api8 trailokyarājyasya9 hetoḥ
10 kim11 nu12 mahī-kṛte13   1.35

 

madhusūdana7 = O Madhusudhana, ghnata5 & api6 = though there is a prospect of being killed; na2 & icchhāmi4 = I do not2 want; hantum3 = to kill; etān1 = all these [people]; api8 = even; hetoḥ10 = for the reason, for the sake of; [gaining] trailokyarājyasya9  = of the three worlds kingdom.  [Is there] kim11 & nu12 = any need to elaborate [that I do not wish to kill] mahī-kṛte13  = for the sake of earth.  1.35

 

1.35: I do not want to kill them, though they (want to) kill me, O Madhusudhana, even for the three worlds, not to speak of an earthly kingdom.    

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निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन ।

पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः  ॥१-३६॥

nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrān na kā prītiḥ syāj janārdana
pāpam evā 'śrayed asmān hatvai 'tān ātatāyinaḥ 1.36

nihatya1 dhārtarāṣṭrān2 na31 prītiḥ4 syāt5 janārdana6
pāpam evā7 aśrayet8 asmān9 hatva
10 etān11 ātatāyinaḥ12  1.36

 

 janārdana6 = O Janardhana; nihatya1 = by killing; dhārtarāṣṭrān2 = the sons of Dhristarastra; 1 = what;  na3 = our; prītiḥ4 = happiness; syāt5 = can there be.  pāpam = Sin; evā7 = certainly; aśrayet8 = comes upon; asmān9 = us; hatva10 = by killing; etān11 = all these; ātatāyinaḥ12 = heinous sinners.  1.36

 

1.36: By killing the sons of Dhrtrastra, what pleasure can there be? O Janardhana, upon killing these heinous sinners, sin will descend on us.      

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान् ।

स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव  ॥१-३७॥ 1.37

tasmān nā 'rhā vayaṃ hantuṁ dhārtarāṣṭrān svabāndhavān
svajana
ṁ hi kathaṁ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava 1.37

tasmāt1 na1 arhā2 vayaṃ3 hantum4 dhārtarāṣṭrān5 svabāndhavān6
svajana
m7 hi8 katham9 hatvā
10 sukhinaḥ11 syāma12 mādhava13 1.37

 

mādhava13 = O Mahdava, tasmāt1 = therefore; [it is];  na arhā2 = not deserving of; vayaṃ3 = us; hantum4 = to kill; dhārtarāṣṭrān5 = the sons of Dhrtarastra; svabāndhavān6 = our relatives; svajanam7 = our own people. hi8 = Certainly; katham9 = how; hatvā10 = by slaying; [can we] syāma12 = become; hsukhinaḥ11 = happy. 1.37

 

1.37: Therefore, it is not becoming of us that we kill the sons of Dhritrastra. How, by killing kinsmen, can we become happy O Madhava?    

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यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः ।

कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम्  ॥१-३८॥ 1.38

yady apy ete na paśyanti lobhopahatacetasaḥ
kulakṣayakṛtaṁ doṣaṁ mitradrohe ca pātakam 1.38

yadi1api2 ete3 na4 paśyanti5 lobha6 upahata7 cetasaḥ8
kula-kṣaya9 kṛtam
10 doṣam11 mitra-drohe12 ca13 pātakam14  1.38

 

adi1= If; api2 = certainly; ete3 = they [whose] cetasaḥ8 = minds; upahata7 = are afflicted by; lobha6 = greed; na4 = do not; paśyanti5 =see; pātakam14 = sins; [in the]; kula-kṣaya9 =  annihilation of the family; ca13 = and kṛtam10 = performance of; doṣam11 = vice; [and] mitra-drohe12 = treachery to friends.  1.38

 

1.38:  Even if they, whose minds are overwhelmed by greed, do not see sin in the ruin of the family, or crime in treachery to friends…  

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कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् ।

कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन  ॥१-३९॥ 1.39

kathaṁ na jñeyam asmābhiḥ pāpād asmān nivartitum
kulakṣayakṛtaṁ doṣaṁ prapaśyadbhir janārdana 1.39

katham1 na2 jñeyam3 asmābhiḥ4 pāpāt5 asmāt6 nivartitum7
kula-kṣaya8 kṛtam9 doṣam
10 prapaśyadbhi11 janārdana12  1.39

 

katham1 na2  jñeyam3 asmābhiḥ4 = Why is that we do not have the wisdom; nivartitum7 = to turn away; asmāt6  pāpāt5 = from these sins; janārdana12 = O Janardhana?  prapaśyadbhi11 = We see; doṣam10 = the vice; [of] kula-kṣaya8 = the ruin of family; kṛtam9 = happening.  1.39

 

1.39: Why should not we have the wisdom to see the crime in the ruin of the family O Janardhana, and turn away from the sins?

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कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः ।

धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत  ॥१-४०॥ 1.40

kulakṣaye praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ
dharme naṣṭe kulaṃ kṛtsnam adharmo 'bhibhavaty uta 1.40

kulak-ṣaye1 praṇaśyanti2 kula-dharmāḥ3 sanātanāḥ4
dharme5
naṣṭe6 kulaṃ7 kṛtsnam8 adharma9 abhibhavati10 uta11  1.40  

 

kula-kṣaye1 = With the ruin of the family; sanātanāḥ4 = the eternal; Kula-dharmāḥ3 = family values; praṇaśyanti2 = come to destruction. naṣṭe6 = After ruin; dharme5 = of righteousness; adharma9 = unrighteousness; abhibhavati10  uta11 = overtakes; kṛtsnam8 = the entire; kulaṃ7 = family.  1.40

 

1.40: With the ruin of the family, the eternal kula dharma is destroyed. When dharma is destroyed, the whole family turns to adharma.  

Kula-dharmāḥ3 : Established order of the family, family institution. dharma5 : Established order.

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अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः ।

स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसंकरः  ॥१-४१॥ 1.41

adharmābhibhavāt kṛṣṇa praduyanti kulastriya
strīṣ
u duṣṭāsu vārṣṇeya jāyate varṇasaṁkaraḥ 1.41

adharma1 abhibhavāt2 kṛṣṇa3 praduyant4 kula-striya5
strīṣ
u6 duṣṭāsu7 vārṣṇeya8 jāyate9 varṇa-saṁkaraḥ
10   1.41

 

Kṛṣṇa3 = O Krishna; [with the] abhibhavāt2 = ascendance of; adharma1 = Unrighteousness; kula-striya5 = family-women; praduyant4 = undergo corruption; vārṣṇeya8 = O scion of Vrsni. duṣṭāsu7 = Corruption of; strīṣu6 = women;  jāyate9 = results in; varṇa-saṁkaraḥ10 = intermingling of castes.  1.41

 

1.41: When Adharma prevails, O Krishna, the women of the family become morally corrupt, and when women are tainted, O Varsneya (Krishna), Varna Samkara comes into existence.

To this day in India, women bear the heavier burden than men in guarding  morality and any scrofulousness on their part brings disproportionably erosive shame to the family.  

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च ।

पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः  ॥१-४२॥ 1.42

sakaro narakāyai 'va kulaghnānāṃ kulasya ca
patanti pitaro hy eṣāṁ luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ 1.42

sakara1 narakāya2  kula-ghnānā4 kulasya5 ca6
patanti7 pitara
8 hi9 eṣām
10 lupta11 piṇḍa12 udaka13 kriyāḥ14  1.42

sakara1 = Commingling of castes; narakāya2 = drives to hell; kula-ghnānā4 = the destroyers of the family; ca6 = and; kulasya5 = the family;  eva3 = for sure.  pitara8 = Forefathers; hi9 = surely; patanti7 = fall down; lupta11 = deprived of; kriyāḥ14 = performance of; eṣām10 = their;  piṇḍa12 = offering of rice; [and] udaka13 = water.  1.42

1.42:  Commingling (of castes) brings hell to the family and those who destroyed the race. The spirits of the ancestors fall, deprived of their offerings of food and water.

Purport:

Because of commingling of castes, the family and the destroyers of the race go to hell. The spirit of the ancestor falls, deprived of the offerings of food and water.

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दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसरकारकैः ।

उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः  ॥१-४३॥ 1.43

doṣair etaiḥ kulaghnānāṁ varṇasaṁkarakārakaiḥ
utsādyante jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāś ca śāśvatāḥ 1.43

doṣai1 etaiḥ2 kula-ghnānām3 varṇa-sakara4 kārakaiḥ5
utsādyante6 jāti-dharmāḥ7 kuladharmā
8 ca9 śāśvatāḥ
10  

 

doṣai1 = By such vices; etaiḥ2 = all these; varṇa-sakara4 = miscegenation of races; kula-ghnānām3 = by the perpetrators of destruction of family; [and] kārakaiḥ5 = by the causers; śāśvatāḥ10 = eternal and traditional; jāti-dharmāḥ7 = Jati Dharma or Caste duties; ca9 = and; kuladharmā8 = Family duties; utsādyante6 = come to destruction.  1.43

1.43: By such evil deeds such as kula ghānām and Varna Sankara, eternal Jāti dharmā and kula dharmā are destroyed.

Ramanuja: By the sins of the clan-destroyers who bring about inter-mixture of classes, the ancient tradition of the clan and class are destroyed. --Translation from Sanskrit to English by Svami Adidevananda.

Sankara: Due to these misdeeds of the ruiners of the family, which cause intermingling of castes, the traditional rites and duties of the castes and families become destroyed. --Translation from Sanskrit to English by Swami Gambhirananda.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन ।

नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम  ॥१-४४॥ 1.44

utsannakuladharmāṇāṁ manuṣyāṇāṁ janārdana
narake niyataṁ vāso bhavatī  'ty anuśuśruma 1.44

utsanna1 kula-dharmāṇām2 manuṣyāṇām3 janārdana4
narake5
niyatam6 vāsa7 bhavatī8  iti9 anuśuśruma10  1.44

 

anuśuśruma10 = we have heard it said; manuṣyāṇām3 = those men whose; kula-dharmāṇām2 = family duties; utsanna1 = having been abolished;  janārdana= O Janardana; iti9 = thus;  niyatam6 = eternally; bhavatī8 = happen; vāsa7 = to dwell; narake5 = in hell.  1.44

 

1.44: We have heard it said (by the learned) that those men, whose kula dharma is destroyed, O Janardana, would always dwell in hell.

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अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् ।

यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः  ॥१-४५॥ 1.45

aho bata mahat pāpa kartuṁ vyavasitā vayam
yad rājyasukhalobhena hantuṁ svajanam udyatāḥ 1.45

aha1 bata2 mahat3 pāpam4 kartum5 vyavasitā6 vayam7
yat8 rājya9 sukha-lobhena
10 hantum11 svajanam12 udyatāḥ13   1.45

 

 aha1 = Alas; bata2 = oh; vayam7 = we; vyavasitā6 = resolved; kartum5 = to do; mahat3 = great; pāpam4 = sin; udyatāḥ13 = ready and eager; hantum11 = to kill; svajanam12 = our people; [for] yat8 = that;  rājya9 sukha-lobhena10 =  longing for kingdom and happiness [kingdom-happiness-longing for].  1.45

 

1.45: Alas! We have decided to commit great sins, by getting ready to kill our kinsmen because of greed for the pleasures of kingdom.  Rājya-sukha-lobha: kingdom-pleasure-greed: greed for the pleasures of kingdom.

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यदि मामप्रतीकारमशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः ।

धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत्  ॥१-४६॥ 1.46

yadi mām apratīkāram aśastraṁ śastrapāṇayaḥ
dhārtarāṣṭ
rae hanyus tan me kṣemataraṁ bhavet 1.46

yadi1 mām2 apratīkāram3 aśastram4 śastrapāṇayaḥ5
dhārtarāṣṭ
6 rae7 hanyu8 tat9 me
10 kṣemataram11 bhavet12  1.46

 

tat9  bhavet12 kṣemataram11 me10 = It9  would be12 better11 for me10; yadi1 dhārtarāṣṭ6 śastrapāṇayaḥ5 hanyu8 rae7  =  if1 the sons of Dhritrastra6 with weapons on hand5 were to kill me8 on the battlefield7; mām2 aśastramapratīkāram3 = while I remain2 without weapons4 and without retaliation3 1.46

 

1.46: Better would it be for me, if the sons of Dhritrastra with weapons on hand were to kill me on the battlefield, while I, unarmed, offer no resistance.

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सञ्जय उवाच 

एवमुक्त्वार्जुनः सख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ।

विसृज्य सशरं चापं शोकसंविग्नमानसः  ॥१-४७॥ 1.47

Saṅjaya uvāca

evam uktvā 'rjunaḥ sakhye rathopastha upāviśat
vis
jya saśara cāpaṁ śokasaṁvignamānasaḥ 1.47

Saṅjaya uvāca

evam1 uktvā2 arjunaḥ3 sakhye4 rathopastha5 upāviśat6
vis
jya7 sa-śaram8 cāpam9 śoka
10 saṁvigna11 mānasaḥ12

 

Saṅjaya uvāca: = Sanjaya said: evam1 = thus; uktvā2 = saying; arjunaḥ3 = Arjuna; sakhye4 = in the battlefield; upāviśat6  = sat down; rathopastha5 = on the seat of the chariot;  visjya7 = laying aside; cāpam9 = the bow; sa-śaram8 = alongside the arrows; [with] śoka10 = sorrow;  saṁvigna11 = agitating mānasaḥ12 = in his mind.  1.47

 

1.47: Sanjaya said:

Thus saying in the battlefield, Arjuna sat down on the seat of the chariot, laying aside his bow and arrow with his mind taken over by sorrow.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

          

End Chapter 01 Arjuna's Distress