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End BG Chapter 08: Brahman the Imperishable

 

अर्जुन उवाच 

किं तद्ब्रह्म किमध्यात्मं किं कर्म पुरुषोत्तम ।

अधिभूतं च किं प्रोक्तमधिदैवं किमुच्यते ॥८- १॥

arjuna uvāca
kiṁ tad brahma kim adhyātmaṁ kiṁ karma puruṣ
ottama
adhibhūta
ṁ ca kiṁ proktam adhidaivaṁ kim ucyate 8.1

arjuna uvāca
kim
1 tad2 brahma3 kim4 adhyātmam5 kim6 karma8 puruṣottama9
adhibhūta
m
10 ca11 kim12 proktam13 adhidaivam14 kim15 ucyate16  8.1

 

arjuna uvāca  = Arjuna said: kim1 =  What; [is] tad2 = that;  brahma3 = Brahman?   kim4 = What; [is]  adhyātmam5 = the Self [indwelling Self]?  kim6 = What; [is]  karma8 = Karma?  puruṣottama9 = O Supreme Soul; kim12 = what; [are]  adhibhūtam10 = beings on the physical plane of existence; ca11 = and;  kim15 = what; proktam13 = spoken of; [as] adhidaivam14 = presiding deity; ucyate16 = is called. 8.1

 

8.1:  Arjuna said:

What is Brahman? What is adhyātma or Self ? What is karma? O Purusottama, What is adhibhūta? What is adhidaivam (presiding deity)?

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अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन ।

प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः ॥८- २॥

adhiyajñaḥ kathaṁ kotra dehesmin madhusūdana
prayāṇ
akāle ca kathaṁ jñeyosi niyatātmabhiḥ 8.2

adhiyajñaḥ1  katham2  ka3  atra4  dehe5  asmin6  madhusūdana7
prayāṇ
akāle8  ca9  katham10  jñeya11  asi12  niyata-ātmabhiḥ13  
8.2

 

katham2  = How; [and] ka3  = who;  [is] adhiyajñaḥ1  = Presiding deity of sacrifice; atra4  = here; [in] asmin6  = this;  dehe5  = body; madhusūdana7 = O Madhusudana  ca9  = and; prayāṇa8Akāle8B  = at the time8B of death8Akatham10  = how; [are] jñeya11  asi12  = you to be known;  [by] niyata-ātmabhiḥ13  = persons with centered self-controlled mind? 8.2

 

8.2:  Who is the Adhiyajna in this body? O Madhusudhana, at the time of departure (Prayāna-kale) from life, how can the self-controlled know You?

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श्रीभगवानुवाच 

अक्षरं ब्रह्म परमं स्वभावोऽध्यात्ममुच्यते ।

भूतभावोद्भवकरो विसर्गः कर्मसंज्ञितः ॥८- ३॥

śrībhagavān uvāca
akṣaraṁ brahma paramaṁ svabhāvodhyātmam ucyate
bhūtabhāvodbhavakaro visargaḥ karmasaṁjñitaḥ 8.3

śrībhagavān uvāca
akṣaram
1  brahma2 paramam3  svabhāva4 adhyātmam5 ucyate6
bhūta
7 bhāva8 udbhava9 kara
10 visargaḥ11 karma12 saṁjñitaḥ13 8.3

 

śrībhagavān uvāca  = Sri Bhagavan said: brahma2 =  Brahman; [is] akṣaram1  = imperishable; paramam3  = Supreme. svabhāva4 = Its own nature; ucyate6 = is said to be; adhyātmam5 = the indwelling Soul. karma12 saṁjñitaḥ13 = Karma is the name for; bhūta7 - bhāva8 - udbhava9 - kara10 = the creator of existing beings [= beings7-existence or becoming8-creation9- Creator10 = creator of the bodies of beings.

 

8.3:  Sri Bhagavan said:

Brahman is supreme and imperishable; Its nature is (declared as that) of the Self; and Karma is the name for the creative force that makes visible all living material beings.

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अधिभूतं क्षरो भावः पुरुषश्चाधिदैवतम् ।

अधियज्ञोऽहमेवात्र देहे देहभृतां वर ॥८- ४॥

adhibhūtaṁ kṣaro bhāvaḥ puruṣaś cādhidaivatam
adhiyajñoham evātra dehe dehabh
ṛtāṁ vara 8.4

adhibhūtam1 kṣara2  bhāva3  puruṣa4  ca5  adhidaivatam6
adhiyajña
7  aham8  eva9  atra10  dehe11  deha-bhṛtām12 vara13  8.4

 

adhibhūtam1 = Being on the physical plane of existence; [is] kṣara2  = perishable. puruṣa4  = The Universal Being; [is of]  bhāva3  = the nature; [of]  adhidaivatam6 = Presiding Deity; ca5  = and; aham8  = I; [am] adhiyajña7  = the Presiding deity of sacrifice; eva9  = indeed;  atra10  = in this; dehe11  = body;  deha-bhṛtām12 vara13  = O the Best13 among the embodied beings12. 8.4

 

8.4:  Adhibhūtam is perishable, Purusa is Adhidaiva, and I am Adhiyajna in the body, O the Best of embodied beings (Arjuna).

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अन्तकाले च मामेव स्मरन्मुक्त्वा कलेवरम् ।

यः प्रयाति स मद्भावं याति नास्त्यत्र संशयः ॥८- ५॥

antakāle ca mām eva smaran muktvā kalevaram
yaḥ prayāti sa madbhāvaṁ yāti nāsty atra saṁśayaḥ 8.5

anta-kāle1  ca2  mām3  eva4  smaran5  muktvā6  kalevaram7
yaḥ
8  prayāti9  sa10  madbhāvam11  yāti12  na13   asti14  atra15 saṁśayaḥ16  8.5

 

anta-kāle1ca2  = At the time of death also; yaḥ8  = he who; prayāti9  = departs [dying]; smaran5  = remembering; mām3  = Me;  eva4  = indeed; [while] muktvā6  = giving up;  kalevaram7 = the body; sa10  = he;  yāti12  = attains; madbhāvam11  = my state. asti14  = There is; na13  = no; saṁśayaḥ16  = doubt; atra15 = in this. 8.5

 

8.5:  At the time of death, he, who remembers Me when leaving the body, goes to My being. Of this, there is no doubt.                                                  Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

यं यं वापि स्मरन्भावं त्यजत्यन्ते कलेवरम् ।

तं तमेवैति कौन्तेय सदा तद्भावभावितः ॥८- ६॥

yaṁ yaṁ vāpi smaran bhāvaṁ tyajaty ante kalevaram
taṁ tam evaiti kaunteya sadā tadbhāvabhāvitaḥ 8.6

yam yam1  va api2 smaran3 bhāvam4  tyajati5 ante6  kalevaram7
tam tam
8  eva9  eti10  kaunteya11 sadā13  tat14  bhāva15  bhāvitaḥ16  8.6

 

yam yam1  va api2 = Whatever it is; [one]  smaran3 = remembers; [of]  bhāvam4  = being; [while] tyajati= giving up; kalevaram7 = the body; ante6  = at the end; kaunteya11 = O Kaunteya; tam tam8  eva9 = that one indeed; [he] sadā13  = always; eti10  = attains;  tat14 bhāva15 bhāvitaḥ16  = remembering16 that14 state15.  8.6

 

8.6:  Whatever one remembers of being at the time of giving up the body, similar being he becomes O Kauteya, having always remembered that being.   

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तस्मात्सर्वेषु कालेषु मामनुस्मर युध्य च ।

मय्यर्पितमनोबुद्धिर्मामेवैष्यस्यसंशयम् ॥८- ७॥

tasmāt sarveṣu kāleu mām anusmara yudhya ca
mayy arpitamanobuddhir mām evai
yasy asaṁśayaḥ 8.7

tasmāt1  sarveṣu2  kāleu3  mām4  anusmara5  yudhya6  ca8
mayi
9  arpita10   mana11  buddhi12  mām13  eva14  eṣyasi15  asaṁśayaḥ16  8.7

 

tasmāt1  = Therefore;  sarveṣu2  = at all;  kāleu3  = times; anusmara5  = continue remembering;  mām4  = Me; ca8 = and; yudhya6  = fight; [with] mana11 = mind; [and] buddhi12 = intellect; arpita10  = dedicated ; mayi9  = to Me; eṣyasi15  = you will reach; mām13 = Me;  eva14 = alone; asaṁśayaḥ16  =  without doubt. 8.7

 

8.7:  Therefore, always remember Me and fight (yudhya). You will reach Me without doubt, if your mind and intellect intent on (arpita) Me.

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अभ्यासयोगयुक्तेन चेतसा नान्यगामिना ।

परमं पुरुषं दिव्यं याति पार्थानुचिन्तयन् ॥८- ८॥

abhyāsayogayuktena cetasā nānyagāminā
paramaṁ puruṣaṁ divyaṁ yāti pārthānucintayan 8.8

abhyāsa yoga-yuktena1 cetasā2 na anya-gāminā4
paramam
5 puruṣam6 divyam8 yāti7  pārthā8  anucintayan9  8.8

 

pārthā8  = O Partha;  abhyāsa1A yoga-yuktena1B= engaged in the yoga1B of practice1A cetasā2 = with the mind;  na anya-gāminā4  = not  distracted to other things; yāti7  = one attains;  paramam5 =  the Supreme; anucintayan9  = by always thinking of; divyam8 = the divine; puruṣam6 = Person [Paramesvara).  8.8

 

8.8:  He, who is steady in constant practice of meditation on the Supreme Person with the mind not distracted otherwise and always thinking of Me, reaches the Divine Me.

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कविं पुराणमनुशासितार-: मणोरणीयांसमनुस्मरेद्यः ।

सर्वस्य धातारमचिन्त्यरूप : मादित्यवर्णं तमसः परस्तात् ॥८- ९॥

kaviṁ purāṇam anuśāsitāraṁ aṇor aṇīyāṁsam anusmared ya
sarvasya dhātāram acintyarūpaṁ ādityavarṇaṁ tamasaḥ parastāt 8.9

kavim1 purāṇam2 anuśāsitāram3 aṇo4 aṇīyāṁsam5 anusmaret6 ya7
sarvasya
8 dhātāram9 acintya10 rūpam11  tamasaḥ13 parastāt14 8.9

 

ya7 = He who; anusmaret6 =meditates on; kavim1 = the Omniscient [the sage, Seer, Poet]; purāṇam2 = the beginningless;  anuśāsitāram3 = the Ruler of all;  aṇīyāṁsam5 = subtler;  aṇo4 = than the subtle;   dhātāram9 = the Protector; sarvasya8 = of all;  [of] acintya10 = inconceivable; rūpam11 =  form; āditya-varṇam12  = of the color of the sun; parastāt14 = beyond; tamasaḥ13 = darkness [attains the Supreme]. 8.9

 

8.9:  He, who meditates on the Kavi ( the Omniscient: sage, seer, or poet), the ancient, the (inner) controller, the one smaller than the smallest, and the supporter of everything, and whose form is inconceivable (acintya rūpam), is sun-colored (Āditya-varnam) beyond darkness [attains the Supreme].

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प्रयाणकाले मनसाचलेन : भक्त्या युक्तो योगबलेन चैव ।

भ्रुवोर्मध्ये प्राणमावेश्य सम्यक् : स तं परं पुरुषमुपैति दिव्यम् ॥८- १०॥

prayāṇakāle manasācalena bhaktyā yukto yogabalena caiva
bhruvor madhye prā
am āveśya samyak sa taṁ paraṁ puruṣam upaiti divyam 8.10

 prayāṇa-kāle1 manasā2 acalena3 bhaktyā4 yukta5 yoga-balena6 ca7  eva8
bhruvo
9 madhye10 prāam11 āveśya12 samyak13 sa14 tam15 param16 puruṣam17 upaiti18 divyam19 8.10

prayāṇa-kāle1 = At the time of demise; acalena3 manasā2 = with unvacillating3 mind2yukta5 = absorbed; bhaktyā4 = with devotion;  yoga-balena6  = by strength of Yoga;  ca7  = and;  eva8= indeed;  āveśya12 = steadying; prāam11 = the vital breath;  samyak13 = completely; madhye10 = between; bhruvo9 = the eyebrows; sa14 = he; upaiti18 = attains; tam15 = that; param16 = supreme; divyam19 = divine; puruṣam17 = Person [the Omniscient]. 8.10

 

8.10:  At the time of departure, with the unwavering mind fixed (on the Lord) in devotion, by the strength of yoga, with his prāna fixed between the eyebrows, he attains to Purusam and Divyam.  

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यदक्षरं वेदविदो वदन्ति : विशन्ति यद्यतयो वीतरागाः ।

यदिच्छन्तो ब्रह्मचर्यं चरन्ति : तत्ते पदं संग्रहेण प्रवक्ष्ये ॥८- ११॥
yad ak
ṣaraṁ vedavido vadanti viśanti yad yatayo vītarāgāḥ
yad icchanto brahmacaryaṁ caranti tat te padaṁ saṁgraheṇ
a pravak
ye 8.11

yat1 akṣaram2 veda-vida3 vadanti4  viśanti5  yat6  yataya7  vīta-rāgāḥ8
yat
9  icchanta10 brahmacaryam11 caranti12 tat13 te14 padam15 sagraheṇa16 pravakye17   8.11

 

pravakye17 = I shall talk; te14 = to you; sagraheṇa16 = in brief; yat1 = that; yat6  = which; veda-vida3 = knowers of Vedas; vadanti4  = call; akṣaram2 = immutable; icchanta10 = desiring; yat9 = which;  yataya7  = the seers or ascetics; caranti12 = practice; brahmacaryam11 = celibacy.  [They] vīta-rāgāḥ8  = free from passion; viśanti5  = enter; tat13 = that [Aksaram]; padam15 = goal (parama padam = Supreme Abode).  8.11

 

8.11:  I shall briefly explain to you the path, which the Veda Vidahs call Imperishable (Aksaram), desiring which the ascetics practice bramacharya. They enter Aksaram by freeing themselves from passion.

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सर्वद्वाराणि संयम्य मनो हृदि निरुध्य च ।

मूर्ध्न्याधायात्मनः प्राणमास्थितो योगधारणाम् ॥८- १२॥

sarvadvārāi sayamya mano hdi nirudhya ca
mūrdhny ādhāyātmana
ḥ prāṇam āsthito yogadhāraām 8.12

sarva-dvārāi1 sayamya2 mana3 hdi4 nirudhya5 ca6
mūrdhni
7 ādhāya8 ātmana9 prāṇam10 āsthita11 yoga12 dhāraām13  8.12

 

sayamya2 = Controlling; sarva-dvārāi1  = all the portals of the senses;  nirudhya5 = confining;  mana3 = the mind; hdi4 = in the heart;  ca6 = and; ādhāya8 = fixing; ātmana9 = his own; prāṇam10 = breath; mūrdhni7 = in the head; [and] āsthita11 = having established; yoga12 dhāraām13  = firmness in13  yoga12...  8.12

 

8.12:  Controlling all the gates of the body, holding the mind in the heart, fixing the his own life-breath in the head, and established in yogic concentration, (continued)  

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ओमित्येकाक्षरं ब्रह्म व्याहरन्मामनुस्मरन् ।

यः प्रयाति त्यजन्देहं स याति परमां गतिम् ॥८- १३॥

om ity ekākṣaraṁ brahma vyāharan mām anusmaran
yaḥ prayāti tyajan dehaṁ sa yāti paramāṁ gatim 8.13

om1 iti2  eka-akṣaram3  brahma4  vyāharan5  mām6  anusmaran7
yaḥ
8  prayāti9  tyajan10  deham11  sa12  yāti13  paramām14  gatim15  8.13

 

yaḥ8  = He who; prayāti9  = dies; tyajan10  = by leaving; deham11 = the body; vyāharan5  = uttering; eka-akṣaram3 = one syllable; om1 = Om; [which is] iti2  = thus; brahma4  = Brahman; [and] anusmaran7 = remembering; mām6  = Me; sa12  = he; yāti13  = attains; paramām14  = the supreme; gatim15  = goal. 8.13

 

8.13:  Anyone, who utters the monosyllable OM of (Sabda-) Brahman and leaves the body, remembering Me, attains the Supreme goal.

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अनन्यचेताः सततं यो मां स्मरति नित्यशः ।

तस्याहं सुलभः पार्थ नित्ययुक्तस्य योगिनः ॥८- १४॥

ananyacetāḥ satataṁ yo māṁ smarati nityaśaḥ
tasyāhaṁ sulabhaḥ pārtha nityayuktasya yoginaḥ 8.14

ananya-cetāḥ1  satatam2  ya3  mām4  smarati5  nityaśaḥ6
tasya
7  aham8  sulabhaḥ9  pārtha10  nitya-yuktasya11  yoginaḥ12   8.14

 

ya3  = He who; smarati5  = remembers; mām4  = Me;  satatam2  = constantly; [and] nityaśaḥ6 = regularly; ananya-cetāḥ1 = without extraneous thoughts;  aham8  = I; [am] sulabhaḥ9  = easy of access; tasya7 yoginaḥ12  = to that Yogi; nitya-yuktasya11 = with perpetual concentration; pārtha10  = O Partha.   8.14

 

8.14:  He, who remembers Me constantly lacking extraneous thoughts and is absorbed in Me constantly, O Partha, is a Yogin to whom I am easily accessible.  

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मामुपेत्य पुनर्जन्म दुःखालयमशाश्वतम् ।

नाप्नुवन्ति महात्मानः संसिद्धिं परमां गताः ॥८- १५॥

mām upetya punarjanma duḥkhālayam aśāśvatam
nāpnuvanti mahātmāna
ḥ saṁsiddhiṁ paramāṁ gatāḥ 8.15

mām1  upetya2  puna3   janma4  duḥkha-ālayam5  aśāśvatam6
na
8  āpnuvanti9  mahā-ātmāna10  saṁsiddhim11  paramām12  gatāḥ13  8.15

 

mahā-ātmāna10  = The Great Souls; upetya2  = after reaching; mām1  = Me; gatāḥ13  = attain; paramām12  = Supreme; saṁsiddhim11  = Perfection; [and] na8  = do not; āpnuvanti9  = get; puna3 janma4 = rebirth; [which is] duḥkha-ālayam5  = an abode of  miseries; [and] aśāśvatam6 = impermanent;  8.15

 

8.15:  The highly perfected great souls, after coming to Me, do not go back to rebirth, which is impermanent and an abode of miseries.  

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आब्रह्मभुवनाल्लोकाः पुनरावर्तिनोऽर्जुन ।

मामुपेत्य तु कौन्तेय पुनर्जन्म न विद्यते ॥८- १६॥

ā brahmabhuvanāl lokāḥ punarāvartinorjuna
mām upetya tu kaunteya punarjanma na vidyate 8.16

ābrahma-bhuvanāt1  lokāḥ2 puna3 āvartina4 arjuna5
mām
6 upetya7 tu8 kaunteya9 punarjanma10  na  vidyate11  8.16

 

arjuna5 = O Arjuna; ābrahma-bhuvanāt1  = from the world of Brahma down; lokāḥ2 = the worlds; puna3 āvartina4 = are subject to return4 again3 tu8 = but; [for the one] upetya7 = after coming; mām6 = to Me;  kaunteya9 = O son of Kunti; punarjanma10  = rebirth; [in the world of miseries] na  vidyate11 = does not exist. 8.16

 

8.16:  O Arjuna, from the abode of Brahma down, all worlds (beings) are subject to return (to rebirth), but for the one who comes to Me, rebirth does not exist, O Kaunteya.  

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सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्मणो विदुः ।

रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ॥८- १७॥

sahasrayugaparyantam ahar yad brahmaṇo vidu
rātriṁ yugasahasrāntāṁ te.ahorātravido janāḥ 8.17

sahasra1 yuga2  paryantam3  aha4  yat5  brahmaṇa6  vidu7
rātrim
8 yuga  sahasra-antām9 te10 ahaḥ-rātra11 vida12 janāḥ13  8.17

 

vidu7= They know; aha4  = day; brahmaṇa6  = of Brahma;  yat5  = which; paryantam3  = ends; [in] sahasra1 = a thousand; yuga2  = Yugas;  rātrim8 = night; [is] yuga  sahasra-antām9 = Yuga ending after a 1000 yugas;  te10 = these ; janāḥ13  = people; [are] vida12 = knowers; [of] ahaḥ-rātra11 = day and night.  8.17

 

8.17:  They, who know that a Brahma’s day is one thousand Yugas and a Brahma’s night is one thousand Yugas, understand (the meaning of) day and night.  

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अव्यक्ताद्व्यक्तयः सर्वाः प्रभवन्त्यहरागमे ।

रात्र्यागमे प्रलीयन्ते तत्रैवाव्यक्तसंज्ञके ॥८- १८॥

avyaktād vyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ prabhavanty aharāgame
rātryāgame pralīyante tatraivāvyaktasaṁ
jñake 8.18

avyaktāt1  vyaktayaḥ2  sarvāḥ3  prabhavanti4  aha-āgame5
rātri-āgame
6  pralīyante7  tatra8  eva9  avyakta10  saṁjñake11 8.18

 

avyaktāt1  = From the unmanifest; sarvāḥ3  = all; vyaktayaḥ2  = manifested beings;  prabhavanti4  = become manifest; aha-āgame5  = as the day begins.  rātri-āgame6  = As the night arrives; [they] pralīyante7  = undergo dissolution; tatra8  = in it; sajñake11 =  which is called; eva9  = indeed; avyakta10  = the unmanifest;  8.18

 

8.18:  From Avyaktat, all living entities become manifest at the beginning of the day. At the arrival of night, they dissolve into the unmanifest.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते ।

रात्र्यागमेऽवशः पार्थ प्रभवत्यहरागमे ॥८- १९॥

bhūtagrāmaḥ sa evāyaṁ bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate
rātryāgamevaśaḥ pārtha prabhavaty aharāgame 8.19

bhūtagrāma1 sa eva2 ayam3 bhūtvā bhūtvā4 pralīyate5
rātri-āgame
6 avaśaḥ7 pārtha8 prabhavati9 ahar-āgame10 8.19

 

sa eva2 = These very; bhūtagrāma1 = host pf beings; bhūtvā bhūtvā4  = taking birth again and again; pralīyate5 = undergoes dissolution again and again; [which is] avaśaḥ7 = beyond their control; rātri-āgame6  = on the arrival of night; pārtha8 = O Partha.  ayam3 = This; prabhavati9 = comes into being; ahar-āgame10 = on arrival of day. 8.19

 

8.19:  The host of beings, taking birth again and again dissolves against their will on the arrival of night O Partha and comes into being on arrival of day.

 Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

परस्तस्मात्तु भावोऽन्योऽव्यक्तोऽव्यक्तात्सनातनः ।

यः स सर्वेषु भूतेषु नश्यत्सु न विनश्यति ॥८- २०॥

paras tasmāt tu bhāvonyovyaktovyaktāt sanātanaḥ
yaḥ sa sarveṣ
u bhūteu naśyatsu na vinaśyati 8.20

para1  tasmāt2  tu3  bhāva4  anya5  avyakta6  avyaktāt7  sanātanaḥ8
yaḥ sa
9  sarveṣu10  bhūteu11 naśyatsu12 na vinaśyati13 8.20

 

tu3  - But; para1  = higher; tasmāt2  = than [the unmanifest];  bhāva4  = nature; [there is] anya5  = the other; avyakta6  = unmanifest; sanātanaḥ8 = eternal; [Being]; yaḥ sa9 = who as such; na vinaśyati13 = is not destroyed.  sarveṣu10  = All; bhūteu11 = beings [from Brahma down to a blade of grass];  naśyatsu12 = succumb to dissolution.  8.20

 

8.20:  But higher than this unmanifested nature, there is another unmanifested eternal being, which is beyond dissolution, when all beings perish.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अव्यक्तोऽक्षर इत्युक्तस्तमाहुः परमां गतिम् ।

यं प्राप्य न निवर्तन्ते तद्धाम परमं मम ॥८- २१॥

avyaktokara ity uktas tam āhuḥ paramāṁ gatim
yaṁ prāpya na nivartante tad dhāma paramaṁ mama 8.21

avyakta1  akara2  iti3  ukta4 tam5  āhu6  paramām7 gatim8
yam
9 prāpya10 na11 nivartante12 tat13 dhāma14 paramam15 mama16 8.21

 

avyakta1  = The unmanifest;  iti3  = thus; ukta4 = is called; akara2 = imperishable.  tam5  = That [aksram]; āhu6  = is called;  paramām7 = Supreme;  gatim8= Goal; prāpya10 = after attaining; yam9 = which; [people] na11 = do not; nivartante12 = come back. tat13 = That;  [is] mama16 = My; paramam15 = supreme; dhāma14 = abode. 8.21

 

8.21:  This Avyakta is Aksara. That is the highest and supreme state. Those who reach My Supreme abode never return to the life of birth and rebirth.  

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

पुरुषः स परः पार्थ भक्त्या लभ्यस्त्वनन्यया ।

यस्यान्तःस्थानि भूतानि येन सर्वमिदं ततम् ॥८- २२॥

puruṣaḥ sa paraḥ pārtha bhaktyā labhyas tv ananyayā
yasyāntaḥ
sthāni bhūtāni yena sarvam idaṁ tatam 8.22

puruṣaḥ1  sa2  paraḥ3  pārtha4  bhaktyā5  labhya6  tu7  ananyayā8
yasya
9  antaḥsthāni10  bhūtāni11 yena12  sarvam13  idam14  tatam15  8.22

 

sa2  = He; paraḥ3  = the Supreme; puruṣaḥ1  = Person;  pārtha4  = O partha; labhya6  = can be gained or attained; ananyayā8 = by exclusive one-pointed; bhaktyā5  = devotion; [to Me]; yasya9  = in whom; bhūtāni11 = beings; antaḥsthāni10  = abide inside;  tu7  = but; yena12  = by  whom; sarvam13  = all;  idam14  = this; tatam15  = is pervaded.    8.22 

 

8.22:  This Supreme Person, O Partha, can be gained by exclusive devotion to Me, in whom all beings exist, and by whom all this is pervaded.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

यत्र काले त्वनावृत्तिमावृत्तिं चैव योगिनः ।

प्रयाता यान्ति तं कालं वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ ॥८- २३॥

yatra kāle tv anāvṛttim āvṛttiṁ caiva yoginaḥ
prayātā yānti taṁ kālaṁ vakṣ
yāmi bharatarabha 8.23

yatra kāle1  tu2  anāvṛttim3  āvṛttim4  ca eva5  yoginaḥ6
prayātā
7  yānti8  tam9  kālam10  vakṣyāmi11  bharatarabha12  8.23

 

bharatarabha12  = O the Best among Bharatas; vakṣyāmi11  = I will tell; [you] tu2  = now; yatra kāle1  = at which time; prayātā7  = the departing; yoginaḥ6 = Yogis; yānti8  = attain;  anāvṛttim3  = no return, no rebirth; ca eva5  = and also; tam9  = that; kālam10  = time;  [when they make] āvṛttim4  = a return or take a rebirth. 8.23

 

  8.23:  O Best of Bharatas, I will disclose to you the time when the departing yogis do not return and the time when they do return.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम् ।

तत्र प्रयाता गच्छन्ति ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविदो जनाः ॥८- २४॥

agnir jotir ahaḥ śuklaḥ ṣaṇmāsā uttarāyaam
tatra prayātā gacchanti brahma brahmavido janā
ḥ 8.24

agni1  joti2  aha3  śuklaḥ4  ṣaṇmāsā5  uttarāyaam6
tatra7  prayātā8  gacchanti9  brahma
10  brahma-vida11  janā12  8.24

 

 tatra7  = That path; prayātā8  = of the departing souls, [of]  brahma-vida11 = the Brahman Knowers; [is] agni1  = fire; joti2  = light; aha3  = day; śuklaḥ4  = bright fortnight; [and] ṣaṇmāsā5  = six months; [of] uttarāyaam6 = Northern Solstice.  [These] janā12  = people; gacchanti9  = attain; brahma10  = Brahman. 8.24

 

8.24:  The paths of the departing souls, who attain the Brahman because of Brahman knowledge, are the fire, the day, the bright half of the month and the six months of sun’s northern passage.                                                   

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

धूमो रात्रिस्तथा कृष्णः षण्मासा दक्षिणायनम् ।

तत्र चान्द्रमसं ज्योतिर्योगी प्राप्य निवर्तते ॥८- २५॥

dhūmo rātris tathā kṛṣṇaḥ ṣaṇmāsā dakṣiṇāyanam
tatra cāndramasa
ṁ jyotir yogī prāpya nivartate 8.25

dhūma1  rātri2  tathā3  kṛṣṇaḥ4  ṣaṇmāsā5  dakṣiṇāyanam6
tatra
7  cāndramasam8   jyoti9  yogī10  prāpya11  nivartate12  8.25

 

dhūma1  = Smoke; rātri2  = night; kṛṣṇaḥ4  = the dark fortnight; tathā3  = also; ṣaṇmāsā5  = six months; [of] dakṣiṇāyanam6 = Southern Solstice; [following] tatra7  = that path; yogī10  = [the departing] Yogi;  prāpya11  = attains; cāndramasam8 = the moon; jyoti9  = light; [and] nivartate12  = returns [takes rebirth]. 8.25

 

8.25:  Smoke, night, also the dark (half of the month), the six months of sun's southern passage are the paths the departing yogi takes, attains the lunar light, and returns (to earth after a sojourn). 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

शुक्लकृष्णे गती ह्येते जगतः शाश्वते मते ।

एकया यात्यनावृत्तिमन्ययावर्तते पुनः ॥८- २६॥

śuklakṛṣṇe gatī hy ete jagataḥ śāśvate mate
ekayā yāty anāvṛ
ttim anyayāvartate punaḥ 8.26

śukla1  kṛṣṇe2  gatī3  hi4  ete5  jagata6  śāśvate7  mate8
ekayā
9  yāti10  anāvṛttim11  anyayā12   āvartate13  puna14  8.26

 

śukla1  = White [knowledge]; kṛṣṇe2  = black [ignorance]; mate8 = are considered; hi4  = indeed; ete5  = the two; śāśvate7  = eternal; gatī3  = paths;  jagata6  = of the world; ekayā9  = by one [path]; [he]  yāti10  = reaches, goes to; anāvṛttim11  = Realm of no return; anyayā12   = by the other;  āvartate13  = he treads back; puna14  = again [into the material world]. 8.26

 

8.26:  Light and darkness [knowledge and ignorance] are the two eternal paths of this world. By (the former) one, he goes, not to return; by (the latter) the other, he returns (again). 

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

नैते सृती पार्थ जानन्योगी मुह्यति कश्चन ।

तस्मात्सर्वेषु कालेषु योगयुक्तो भवार्जुन ॥८- २७॥

naite sṛtī pārtha jānan yogī muhyati kaścana
tasmāt sarve
u kāleu yogayukto bhavārjuna 8.27

na1  ete2  sṛ3  pārtha4  jānan5  yogī6  muhyati7  kaścana8
tasmāt
9  sarveu10  kāleu11  yogayukta12  bhava13  arjuna14  8.27

 

kaścana8 = Whoever; yogī6  = Yogi; jānan5  = knowing; ete2  = the two; sṛ3  = paths; na1  = is not; muhyati7  = deluded;  tasmāt9  = therefore; pārtha4  = O Partha; sarveu10 kāleu11  = at all times; bhava13  = be;  yogayukta12  = steady in Yoga; arjuna14  = O Arjuna. 8.27

 

8.27:  A yogi, knowing these two paths, O Partha, is not deluded. Therefore, O Arjuna, at all times be steady in yoga.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

 

वेदेषु यज्ञेषु तपःसु चैव : दानेषु यत् पुण्यफलं प्रदिष्टम् ।

अत्येति तत्सर्वमिदं विदित्वा : योगी परं स्थानमुपैति चाद्यम् ॥८- २८॥

vedeu yajñeu tapasu caiva dāneu yat puṇyaphalaṁ pradiṣṭam
atyeti tat sarvam ida
ṁ viditvā yogī paraṁ sthānam upaiti cādyam 8.28

vedeu1  yajñeu2  tapasu3  ca4  eva5  dāneu6 yat7 puṇya-phalam8 pradiṣṭam9
atyeti
10  tat11  sarvam12  idam13  viditvā14  yogī15  param16  sthānam17  upaiti18  ca19 ādyam20 8.28

 

 viditvā14  = Knowing; sarvam12  = all;  idam13  = this; atyeti10  = going beyond; tat11  = that; vedeu1  =  the study of Vedas; yajñeu2  = the performance of Yagnas; tapasu3  =  the observance of austerities; ca4  = and; eva5  = indeed; dāneu6 = the giving of charity; yat7 = which;  [result in] puṇya-phalam8  = merit and demerit; pradiṣṭam9 = enunciated by sacred texts;    yogī15  = Yogi;   upaiti18  = attains;  param16  = Supreme; sthānam17  = abode; ca19 = also;  [which is] ādyam20 = the primordial. 8.28

 

8.28:  Knowing all this and going beyond the studies of Vedas, performance of sacrifices, tapas (austerities), and charities, which (collectively) result in fruits of merit, the yogi attains the Supreme eternal abode.

Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj

End BG Chapter 08: Brahman the Imperishable